New Zealand Plants A-Z
Please note, this page is not a catalogue of plants for sale, it is an index of plants native to New Zealand.
AGM = Award of Garden Merit.
A
Acaena buchananii
Acaena buchananii is an evergreen perennial which forms large patches up to 1.2 in (3 cm) high and 16 in (40 cm) across. The grey-green leaves are much divided, 0.8–2 in (2–5 cm) long. Flowers in red spikes, partly hidden by the foliage, summer. Hardy in the UK.
Acaena buchananii is found in montane riverbeds and tussock-grassland, east of Southern Alps, South Island, New Zealand. Good for growing in paths, especially to cover up ugly pavement joint. The burrs may be a nuisance to pets and sheep. Variety picta has warm brown-grey foliage.
Acaena caesiiglauca
Acaena caesiiglauca is a stout, evergreen perennial which forms large patches up to 40 in (1 m) across. The blue-grey leaves comprise 7–9 leaflets, and are 1.4–2 in (3.5–5 cm) long. Whitish flowers on stalks, summer; seedheads brownish on ripening. Hardy in the UK.
Acaena caesiiglauca is found in mountainous areas and subalpine tussock grasslands, east of the Southern Alps, South Island, New Zealand.
Acaena glabra
Acaena glabra is an evergreen perennial which forms large patches up to 12 in (30 cm) across. The leaves are grey-green and consist of 7 to 11 leaflets. The flowers are green or red, summer. Hardy in the UK.
Acaena glabra is found in subalpine to low-alpine, rocky, open sites to the east of the Southern Alps, South Island, New Zealand. It is a member of the rose family.
Aceana novae-zelandiae
Acaena novae-zelandiae is an evergreen perennial, which grows to 4 in (10 cm) high. The leaflet upper surfaces are dull and sparsely to densely covered with silky hairs. The minute flowers are clustered into balls at the end of erect stems, summer. On ripening fruits are formed having spiny hooks, these attach themselves to fur or clothing. Hardy in the UK.
Acaena novae-zelandiae forms large patches in lowland to lower montane tussock-grassland and open places throughout New Zealand.
Aciphylla aurea
Aciphylla aurea is a striking plant for the border or rockery, and can grow 40 in (1 m) in diameter. It prefers an open sunny position with a deep well-drained soil, as it has a long taproot. Mature plants may suddenly die, this is due to fungal infections. The yellow-green, branched leaves are up to 28 in (70 cm) long, and can give you a painful stab. The yellow flowers occur in a large spike in summer.
In New Zealand its common name is golden Spaniard. Aciphyllas are members of the carrot family, Apiaceae.
Aciphylla dieffenbachii
Aciphylla dieffenbachii (syn Coxella dieffenbachii) is a spiky herbaceous plant, growing to 20 in (50 cm) high. The grey-green leaves are up to 24 in (60 cm) long, and are much divided. The inclined flowering stem is up to 40 in (1 m) tall, the flowers are bright yellow; summer.
Aciphylla dieffenbachii is found on coastal cliffs in the Chatham Islands, New Zealand, but is now confined to steep inaccessible cliffs, due to browsing by animals. Naturalised on Stewart Island, where it was planted long ago by the late Charles Traill.
Aciphylla dobsonii
Aciphylla dobsonii forms a prickly cushion up to 24 in (60 cm) across. The leaves are brown-green, with a yellow edge. Short flower stems, topped with round flowerheads of yellowish flowers; summer.
Aciphylla dobsonii is found in fellfield areas, especially exposed ridges, of the high alpine regions of south Canterbury and parts of Otago, South Island, New Zealand. Aciphyllas are members of the carrot family, Apiaceae, most are endemic to New Zealand.
Aciphylla monroi
Aciphylla monroi is a distinctive, close-set, tuft forming herbaceous plant. The yellow-green leaves have leaflets in 2 to 8 pairs. The flowering stem is 6–8 in (15–20 cm) long, flowers whitish; summer.
Aciphylla monroi is found in rocky outcrops and open snow-tussock grassland, in low alpine to high alpine areas to the east of the Southern Alpines, Nelson and Marlborough to mid-Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand.
Aciphylla squarrosa
Aciphylla squarrosa forms a dense cluster of spiky leaves. The narrow blue-green leaves are highly divided, and the leaf edges are serrated. In summer the yellow flowers are carried on a stalk that can be up 40 in (1 m) high.
This aciphylla is found in both North Island and South Island, New Zealand, in coastal to low-alpine areas. It is called kurikuri by the Maori.
Aciphylla subflabellata
Aciphylla subflabellata forms an open cluster of spiky leaves. The very narrow grey-green leaves are highly divided, up to 24 in (60 cm) long. In summer the yellow flowers are carried on a stalk that can be up 40 in (1 m) high.
This aciphylla is found montane to subalpine areas, in the eastern regions of the South Island, New Zealand, from north Canterbury to south Otago. It is eaten by sheep!
Alectryon excelsus
Alectryon excelsus is a medium evergreen tree that grows to 13–20 ft (4–6 m) high in cultivation in New Zealand, and 20–30 ft (6–9 m) in the wild. The trunk is 24 in (60 cm) or more in diameter, the bark is almost black. The leaves are pinnate, 4–12 in (10–30 cm) long, and each leaflet may be toothed or have no teeth. Small, dark red flowers.
This plant grows in lowland and coastal forests in both islands of New Zealand, from North Cape to the Banks Peninsula. It makes an attractive specimen in the garden, but is damaged by temperatures of –4.5°C.
Anemanthele lessoniana - see Stipa arundinacea
Aristotella serrata
Aristotelia serrata (syn wineberry, makomako) small tree that grows to 8–30 ft (2.4–9 m) high. The trunk is up to 12 in (30 cm) in diameter. The leaves are broad spear-shaped, 2–4.5 in (5–12 cm) long, with serrated edges. Rose coloured flowers in panicles.
Aristotelia serrata grows in lowland and mountain forests in North Island, South Island and Stewart Island, New Zealand. It is deciduous depending on altitude. This plant is fairly hardy in the UK.
Arthropodium cirratum
Arthropodium cirratum (syn rock lily, renga renga) forms a large clump of fleshy leaves. The green, fleshy, spear-shaped leaves are 12–24 in (30–60 cm) long. The flowers are white, summer.
This is one of the best of New Zealand’s herbaceous plants. Found in coastal areas of Three Knights Island, North Island and the north of the South Island, New Zealand. In the UK Arthropodium cirratum is fairly hardy, but very susceptible to slug damage.
Astelia chathamica
Astelia chathamica has arching silvery leaves, up to 6.5 ft (2 m) long. The flowers are cream, male and female flowers on separate plants. The fruits are bright orange.
Astelia chathamica is found in wet, peaty soils in the Chatham Islands, New Zealand. The form Silver Spear is said to differ little from the species.
There are 25 species of Astelia, 13 are endemic to New Zealand. These plants have been assigned to the lily family (Liliaceae), or more recently to its own family (Asteliaceae).
Astelia graminea
Astelia graminea has fine arching grass-like foliage, and forms clumps 12–16 in (30–40 cm) across. The narrow, leathery, brownish leaves are 6–20 in (15–50 cm) long. The male flowers are maroon, the female ones are greenish, summer. The fruits are bright orange.
Astelia graminea is found in the alpine grasslands of Marlborough and Nelson, South Island, New Zealand. Suitable for the rock garden.
Astelia nervosa
Astelia nervosa is a clump-forming herbaceous plant up to 30 in (80 cm) high. The stiff, leathery, arching, light to medium green leaves are 20–60 in (0.5–1.5 m) long. The flowers are light brown to dark red. The fruits ripen to various shades of orange to orange-red.
This very variable Astelia species is found lowland and low mountain areas in the southern part of the North Island, throughout the South Island, and also in Stewart Island, New Zealand.
B
Beilschmiedia tawa
Beilschmiedia tawa is an upright tree, which reaches 40–80 ft (12–24 m) high. The thin, leathery, spear-shaped leaves are 2–4 in (5–10 cm) long. The green flowers are minute, summer.
Beilschmiedia has 40 species of trees and shrubs, which are found throughout the tropical Asia, Africa, Australia and New Zealand. Two species are endemic to New Zealand. Beilschmiedia tawa is found in lowland forests in North Island, and the north of the South Island. Tawa is the Maori name for this tree.
Blechnum discolor
Blechnum discolor (syn crown fern, piu piu) is an attractive fern, with an erect habit. The fronds are up to 5 ft (1.5 m) long and 2–6 in (5–15 cm) wide.
Blechnum discolor forms large colonies in well-drained areas, typically coastal and mountain forests. It is found in North, South, Stewart, Chatham, Auckland and Campbell Islands, New Zealand, and is closely related to Blechnum nudum of Australia and South Africa.
Blechnum novae-zelandiae
Blechnum novae-zelandiae is a large hard fern. The bright green frond blades vary in length between 8 and 100 in (20 and 250 cm).
Blechnum nova-zelandiae is found throughout New Zealand in lowland to mountain forests, on road banks, stream edges and cliffs. It was formerly called Blechnum capense. Its Maori name is kiokio.
Brachyglottis bidwillii
Brachyglottis bidwillii (syn Senecio bidwillii) forms a small, compact shrub 1–3 ft (30–90 cm) high. The oval, dark green, leathery leaves are 0.75–1.5 in (1.9–3.8 cm) long. The flowers have few ray florets.
Brachyglottis bidwillii is found in the subalpine scrub of the central volcanoes of the North Island, New Zealand, and southwards to the Cook Straight. The variety viridis is larger, and is found in the South Island, where it is more common to the west of the Southern Alps.
Brachyglottis cassinioides
Brachyglottis cassinioides (syn Senecio cassinioides) forms a large, bushy, erect shrub, which reaches 4–10 ft (1.2–3 m). The small, narrow grey-green leaves are up to 0.25 in (6 mm) long. The flowers are bright yellow.
Brachyglottis cassinioides is found in alpine to subalpine scrub to the east of the South Island, New Zealand.
Brachyglottis compacta
Brachyglottis compacta (syn Senecio compactus) is a bushy shrub, of variable habit, growing up to 40 in (1 m) or more. The oval leaves 0.8–1.6 in (2–4 cm) long, are green above, white below, with slightly toothed edges. The flowers are yellow, summer.
Brachyglottis compacta is found on limestone coastal cliffs at and near Castle Point, Wellington, North Island, New Zealand. It is a parent of the very popular Brachyglottis ‘Sunshine’.
Brachyglottis elaegnifolia
Brachyglottis elaeagnifolia (syn Senecio elaeagnifolius) is a stout, spreading bush about 4 ft (1.2 m) or more high. The leaves are green above, and below are densely covered with short light brown hairs. The flowers are of no great beauty.
Brachyglottis elaeagnifolia grows in upper mountain forest and scrub, from East Cape southwards, North Island, New Zealand. The shrubby senecios of New Zealand have been renamed Brachyglottis, which describes the short ray florets.
Brachyglottis elaegnifolia ‘Joseph Armstrong’
Brachyglottis elaeagnifolia ‘Joseph Armstrong’ (syn Brachyglottis buchananii, Brachyglottis elaeagnifolia var buchananii) is a low-growing, evergreen bushy shrub, which can reach 40–80 in (1–2 m) high. The oval leaves are green above and buff below, 2–3 in (5–8 cm) long, with pale veins. The flowers are of no great beauty.
This form of Brachyglottis elaeagnifolia grows on Mount Taranaki (Mount Egmont), New Plymouth, North Island, New Zealand. It is prone to fungal attack.
Brachyglottis huntii
Brachyglottis huntii is an erect shrub or small tree, which can grow to 6–20 ft (1.8–6 m) high. The green spear-shaped leaves are closely set, 2–4 in (5–10 cm) long. Yellow daisy flowers in summer. It is tender in the UK.
Brachyglottis huntii is found in peaty soils in the forests of Chatham Island, New Zealand. Its conservation status is ‘nationally critical’, due to habitat destruction, which includes browsing and trampling by cattle, sheep, pigs and possums. See DOC factsheet for more information.
Brachyglottis ‘Moira Read’
Brachyglottis ‘Moira Read’ (syn Brachyglottis Dunedin Group ‘Moira Read’, Senecio ‘Moira Read’) is a spreading bush about 40 in (1 m), and twice as wide. The oval leaves are grey when young, becoming green, with an irregular cream blotches in the centre. Yellow flowers in summer.
The Dunedin Group contains hybrids between Brachyglottis compacta, B. greyi and B. laxifolius. This cultivar was discovered in a garden at Liskeard, Cornwall, UK, and is a variegated form of very popular ‘Sunshine’.
Brachyglottis monroi
Brachyglottis monroi (syn Senecio monroi) is a bushy, spreading, evergreen shrub, which grows to 24–48 in (60–120 cm) high. The spear-shaped leaves, 1–2 in (2.5–5 cm) long, are light green above, white below, with toothed edges. The flowers are yellow; summer. It is fairly hardy in the UK.
Brachyglottis monroi is found in scrubland and rocky places in subalpine to alpine areas, from Marlborough to north Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand. It is related to Brachyglottis compacta.
Brachyglottis rotundifolia
Brachyglottis rotundifolia (syn Senecio rotundifolius, Senecio reinoldii) is a large shrub or small tree growing to 20 ft (6 m) in the wild, up to 10 ft (3 m) in cultivation in the UK. The rounded leaves are 2–5 in (5–12 cm) long, green above, buff beneath. The flowers are of no great beauty.
Brachyglottis rotundifolia is a common coastal shrub to the south and west of the South Island, and Stewart Island, New Zealand. It is also called muttonbird scrub. In cultivation in the UK, it will withstand Atlantic gales.
Brachyglottis x spedenii
Brachyglottis × spedenii (syn Senecio spedenii) is a small, compact, evergreen shrub that grows to 18 in (45 cm) high. The broad, spear-shaped leaves are 0.4–0.6 in (1–1.5–cm) long, green above, white below, with a pale edge. Small daisy flowers in summer.
Brachyglottis × spedenii was collected in 1922 by Jas Speden at the Richardson Mountains, near Queenstown, South Island, New Zealand. It is now known to be a naturally occurring hybrid of Brachyglottis cassinioides and Brachyglottis revoluta.
Bulbinella angustifolia
Bulbinella angustifolia is a yellow flowered bulbous plant, with narrow strap-like leaves, growing up to 40 in (1 m) high, but usually less. The leaves are up 18 in (45 cm) long and up to 0.6 in (1.5 cm) wide. The flowers are bright yellow, summer.
Bulbinella angustifolia is found in grassland, in alpine areas to the east of the Southern Alps, from north Canterbury southwards, South Island, New Zealand, where it is the most common member of the genus.
Bulbinella gibbsii var balanifera
Bulbinella gibbsii var balanifera is a yellow flowered bulbous plant, with strap-like leaves growing up to 12 in (30 cm) tall. The green leaves are up to 1.2 in (3 cm) wide. The flowers are bright yellow, summer.
Bulbinella gibbsii var gibbsii is confined to Stewart Island, New Zealand. Bulbinella gibbsii var balanifera is found moist but well-drained rocky sites in the south of the North Island; and to the west of the South Island, in high rainfall areas, south of Arthur’s Pass, New Zealand.
Bulbinella hookeri
Bulbinella hookeri is a yellow-flowered bulbous plant. It usually reaches 12–24 in (30–60 cm), but can reach 40 in (100 cm). The flowers are bright yellow.
Known as Maori onion, Bulbinella hookeri is found in both the North and South Islands of New Zealand. It prefers to grow in damp sites, and in shady and sheltered hillsides can form extensive colonies.
C
Carmichaelia odorata ‘Lakeside’
Carmichaelia odorata ‘Lakeside’ is a much branched shrub, which can grow to 10 ft (3 m). The branches are spreading and flattened; the leaves are very divided (in the typical fashion of the pea family). The tiny flowers are white and purple. Hardy in the UK.
Carmichaelia odorata grows in lowland to mountain areas of the North Island of New Zealand; from Gisborne southwards. Lakeside is a form selected by Graham Hutchins of County Park Nursery, Hornchurch, Essex, UK.
Cassinia vauvilliersii
Cassinia vauvilliersii (syn Cassinia leptophylla subsp vauvilliersii, Ozothamnus leptophyllus) is an erect, evergreen, bushy shrub, which can grow up to 10 ft (3 m) high. The small, leathery, green leaves are typically about 0.3 in (8 mm) long; the leaf edges are rolled in beneath. The whitish flowers occur in dense clusters of 10 to 20, summer.
Cassinia vauvilliersii is found in drier areas, lowland to mountain scrubland or grassland, from Auckland southwards, and Auckland Island, New Zealand. It is also called mountain cottonwood. Hardy in the UK.
Cassinia vauvilliersii var albida
Cassinia vauvilliersii var albida (syn Cassinia leptophylla subsp vauvilliersii var albida, Ozothamnus leptophyllus Albidus Group) is an erect, evergreen, bushy shrub, which can grow up to 6.5 ft (2 m) high. The leaves are 0.3–6 in (7–16 mm) long and are densely covered in short hairs. The whitish flowers occur in dense clusters of 10 to 20, summer.
This variety is found in scrubland and grassland, in mountain and subalpine areas, Marlborough, South Island, New Zealand. Cassinia vauvilliersii var albida is hardy in the UK.
Celmisia bonplandii
Celmisia bonplandii is a low-growing woody plant, which forms patches up to 20 in (50 cm) across. The broad lance-shaped leaves are 2–4 in (5–10 cm) long, and are green above, white below. Large daisy flowers are carried on stalks 6–12 in (15–30 cm) tall; summer.
Celmisia bonplandii is found in rocky areas in subalpine to high alpine areas of the south of South Island, New Zealand. It was named after Mount Bonpland, in the Humboldt Mountains near Queenstown, where it was first collected.
Celmisia densiflora
Celmisia densiflora forms a loose mat of rosettes up to 40 in (1 m) across. The thick leathery lance-shaped leaves are green above, covered in white hairs below, 2.4–6 in (6–15 cm) long, with wavy and toothed edges. Large daisy flowers are carried on stout stalks 6–12 in (15–30 cm) tall; summer.
Celmisia densiflora is found in well-drained sites, in medium rainfall areas, in grassland, herbfields and rocky places, in the southern part of South Island, New Zealand.
Celmisia semicordata
Celmisia semicordata forms a cluster of stout leaves, 12–24 in (30–60 cm) high. The stiff, leathery, silver-green leaves are spear-shaped, white underneath, and up to 24 in (60 cm) long. The flowers are large daisies.
This is the largest of the genus, found in the wetter mountainous areas of South Island, New Zealand, and less commonly, in drier areas, and lowland areas. It was called Celmisia coriacea, but this is incorrect; as the name Celmisia coriacea is used for a plant formerly called Celmisia lanceolata.
Chordospartium stevensonii
Chordospartium stevensonii is a leafless, small tree of weeping habit, which grows to 12–24 ft (3.6–7.3 m) high. The pendulous branches are about 0.07 in (1.75 mm) in diameter. The pale, rose-lilac flowers are in racemes, either carried single or in groups of 2 to 5.
Chordospartium stevensonii grows in alluvial soil along the tributaries of the Awatere, Clarence and Wairua Rivers, Marlborough, South Island, New Zealand. It is hardy in the UK and grows best in a sunny spot, but it is probably not long-lived here.
Clematis ‘Early Sensation’
Clematis ‘Early Sensation’, is scrambling evergreen shrub, growing to 8 ft (2.5 m). The small leaves are dark green and divided. The flowers are small and creamy white, scented, spring. It is fairly hardy in the UK.
Clematis ‘Early Sensation’ was bred by Graham Hutchins of County Park Nursery, Hornchurch, Essex, UK. According to Robin Savill it has a cross between Clematis paniculata and a Clematis paniculata hybrid.
Clematis ‘Lunar Lass’
Clematis ‘Lunar Lass’ is a scrambling evergreen alpine-house plant. The green leaves are highly divided. The flowers are very pale green, spring.
This cross, (a Clematis Havering Hybrid) between Clematis marata and Clematis marmoraria (both are natives of New Zealand), was raised by Graham Hutchins of County Park Nursery, Hornchurch, Essex, UK. The flowers are female.
Clematis petriei
Clematis petriei is an evergreen climber that scrambles over rocks, shrubs or small trees. The branches are slender; the leaves are in threes, or pairs of threes. The flowers are small (male flowers up to 1.75 in (4 cm) in diameter), yellow-green and highly scented. Hardy in the UK.
Clematis petriei is a native of the South Island of New Zealand, where it occurs to the east of the Southern Alps, in valleys at altitudes of 1,500–3,500 ft (500–1,100 m). The male and female flowers occur in separate plants.
Clianthus puniceus
Clianthus puniceus is a bushy shrub, growing to 3–6 ft (90–180 cm) high. The much-divided (pinnate) green leaves are 3–6 in (7.5–15 cm) long, typical of the pea family. The flowers are red, up to 3 in (7.5 cm) long, and are borne in groups of up to 20.
Clianthus puniceus is native to North Island, New Zealand, but rare in the wild. Commonly called kaka beak in New Zealand, after the native parrot. In the UK it needs to be grown against a south or south-west facing wall.
Clianthus puniceus ‘Albus’
Clianthus puniceus ‘Albus’ (syn Clianthus puniceus ‘White Heron’) is a bushy shrub, 3–6 ft (90–180 cm) high. The much-divided (pinnate) green leaves are 3–6 in (7.5–15 cm) long, typical of a member of the pea family. The flowers are creamy white, up to 3 in (7.5 cm) long, and are borne in groups of up to 20.
Clianthus puniceus ‘Albus’ was said by the Maori to grow on the cliffs at Tiniroto, near Gisborne, North Island, New Zealand. In the UK this beautiful shrub needs to be grown against a south or south-west facing wall.
Cordyline australis
Cordyline australis is an evergreen tree that reaches 13–39 ft (4–12 m) in height. Young trees have a straight, unbranched trunk, whereas mature trees usually have branched trunks. The drooping, evergreen leaves are 12–24 in (30–60 cm) long. Flowers scented, creamy white, summer.
Cordyline australis is common throughout both main islands of New Zealand. Commonly called cabbage tree or ti-kauka. It is proving to be hardy in most parts of the UK. One has been grown in Norway, with some protection.
Corokia x virgata
Corokia × virgata (syn Corokia ‘Virgata’) is an erect, evergreen shrub of diffuse habit, growing to 10–15 ft (3–4.5 m) high. The branches may be either straight or zigzag. The leaves are variable in shape 0.5–2 in (1.2–5 cm) long. The small yellow flowers in late spring. The small fruits may be yellow, orange or red. Hardy in the UK.
Corokia virgata is now regarded as a hybrid between Corokia buddlejoides and Corokia cotoneaster. It is found in the North Island of New Zealand where there is an overlap between the above species.
Cotula squalida - see Leptinella squalida
D
Dacrydium bidwillii – see Halocarpus bidwillii
Dacrycarpus dacrydioides
Dacrycarpus dacrydioides (formerly Podocarpus dacrydioides, syn white pine, kahikatea) is a tall growing conifer, which can reach 300 ft (60 m). The leaves occur in juvenile, semi-adult and adult forms. The female ovules and male cones are carried on different trees.
Dacrycarpus dacryioides grows in lowland forests in North, South and Stewart Islands, New Zealand, and is often dominant in swamp forest. A tree for the mildest parts of the UK.
Dacrydium cupressinum
Dacrydium cupressinum is an evergreen tree that grows to 60–100 ft (18–30 m) in New Zealand, where it is called rimu, or red pine. The leaves are small, and closely overlap the drooping branches; the stringy bark peels off in long flakes. It is common in lowland and mountain forests in the North, South and Stewart Islands.
Dacrydium cupressinum is not fully hardy in the UK, but worthwhile growing a container outside in the summer. Rimu is a valuable timber tree in New Zealand.
Dianella nigra
Dianella nigra forms tufts of narrow strappy foliage. The green leaves are narrow, and rough to the touch, 10–24 in (25–60 cm) long. The flowers are small and white. The berries (illustrated) are blue-purple through to white.
Dianella nigra is found throughout North Island, South Island and Three Kings Island, New Zealand, in open forests, on banks, track edges, and hillsides, from sea level to 2,500 ft (760 m). Also known as turutu, and blueberry.
Dianella nigra ‘Margaret Pringle’
Dianella nigra ‘Margaret Pringle’ is a variegated cultivar with varying stripes of cream-white, the edges can be pink.
Dianella nigra ‘Margaret Pringle’ was collected by Mrs Pringle between Granity and Westport, Westland, South Island, New Zealand.
Dicksonia fibrosa
Dicksonia fibrosa (syn wheki-ponga) is a tree fern with a stout truck, reaching 8 ft (2.5 m) in time. The young fronds are almost erect, spreading as they age, green to dark green.
Found in lowland and lower mountain forests, in the North and South Islands of New Zealand. Closely related to Dicksonia antarctica, from Australia. Dicksonia fibrosa grows fairly slowly. Hardy in New Zealand; in the UK it needs a cool, sheltered, shady spot, or a sunny site with plenty of moisture; hardy to –9°C.
Dicksonia squarrosa
Dicksonia squarrosa is a tree fern with a slender trunk covered with the black bases of frond stalks, which can grow to 23 ft (7 m). The fronds are pinnate 5–10 ft (1.5–3 m) long, leathery, and dark green above.
Dicksonia squarrosa is a subcanopy plant found in coast to montane forests of North Island, South Island, Stewart Island and Chatham Islands, New Zealand. It will often regenerate rapidly after bush is cleared. In the UK it is regarded as less hardy than Dicksonia antarctica, which is the most commonly grown tree fern.
Discaria toumatou
Discaria toumatou is a prickly, bushy shrub or small tree, which grows up to 20 ft (6 m) high. The green, spear-shaped leaves are 0.4–8 in (1–2 cm) long and occur singly or in bundles next to the thorns. The white flowers are tiny, 0.1–0.2 in (3–5 mm) in diameter; summer.
Discaria toumatou occurs in sand dunes, riverbeds and scrubland in both the North and South Islands of New Zealand, from Waikato southwards to Otago. In New Zealand it is called wild Irishman. It may not be fully hardy in the UK.
Dodonea viscosa
Dodonea viscosa is an erect to spreading, vigorous, evergreen shrub, growing to 40–120 in (1–3 m) high and wide. The green leaves are oval to spear-shaped, 1.6–4 in (4–10 cm) long. The small flowers are greenish to yellowish, with male and female flowers on separate plants.
Dodonea viscosa is found in coastal and lowland areas of the North Island, New Zealand. In the South Island it is found southwards to the Banks Peninsula on the east coast, and to Greymouth on the west coast. It is fairly hardy in the UK.
Dolichoglottis scorzoneroides
Dolichoglottis scorzoneroides (syn Senecio scorzoneroides) is an herbaceous perennial, with fleshy, parallel veined leaves. The green leaves are narrow, parallel-sided to oval, up to 8 in (20 cm) long. The daisy flowers are 1.6–2.4 in (4–6 cm) across.
Dolichoglottis scorzoneroides is found in low to high alpine areas, in wetter parts of both North and South Islands, New Zealand. It hybridises with Dolichoglottis lyallii where the two occur together.
Donatia novae-zelandiae
Donatia novae-zelandiae is a dense, spreading cushion plant. The dark, closely overlapping leaves are 0.2–0.4 in (5–10 mm) long. Single white flowers about 0.4 in (9 mm) diameter are seen in summer.
Donatia novae-zelandiae is found in damp parts of subalpine areas, in North Island (Tararua Range southwards), South Island and Stewart Island, New Zealand, and also Tasmania.
Dracophyllum arboreum
Dracophyllum arboreum is a tree or an upright shrub up to 33 ft (10 m) high, with a short thick trunk. The adult leaves are 3.5 in (9 cm) long; the juvenile leaves are longer, 7 in (18 cm), and are clustered towards the ends of the branchlets. The leaf edges are hairy. The tubular flowers are pale yellow.
Dracophyllum arboreum forms forests in the higher boggy areas of the Chatham Islands, to the east of New Zealand. It is sometimes an epiphyte on other plants.
Dracophyllum menziesii
Dracophyllum menziesii is a medium sized, much-branched, spreading or erect growing shrub, which can reach 7 ft (2 m). The green, curving, leathery leaves are 3–8 in (7.5–20 cm) long. The small, creamy-white flowers are trumpet-shaped.
Dracophyllum menziesii is found in high rainfall areas, upper mountain to subalpine scrubland, herbfield and rocky places in South Island, western Otago, Fiordland, and Stewart Island, New Zealand. It is sometimes called pineapple scrub.
Dracophyllum recurvum
Dracophyllum recurvum is a low-growing shrub that can reach 40 in (1 m) high. The curved leaves are grey to reddish-brown. The flowers are white, and occur in clusters at the branch ends.
Dracophyllum recurvum is found in central and eastern mountains of the North Island, New Zealand, in subalpine to high-alpine regions, from open subalpine scrub through to higher rocky areas.
Dysoxylum spectabile
Dysoxylum spectabile is an evergreen, medium sized tree which grows to 20–50 ft (6–15 m). The leaves are compound pinnate. The waxy white flowers are in panicles, up to 12 in (30 cm) long, autumn and winter.
Dysoxylum spectabile grows in coastal and lowland forest, from North Cape, North Island, to the Banks Peninsula, South Island, New Zealand. In the coastal forests of the North Island, it often occurs in small pure stands.
E
Elytranthe tetrapetala
Elytranthe tetrapetala (syn Peraxilla tetrapetala) forms a bushy shrub reaching up to 40 in (1 m) high, and 80 in (2 m) across. The leaves are leathery, yellow-green leaves are spear-shaped, and 0.4–1.2 in (1–3 cm) long. The flowers are bright red.
Elytranthe tetrapetala is semi-parasitic, and is found in the North and South Islands of New Zealand, in lowland, montane and subalpine forests. It is called New Zealand mistletoe.
Entoloma lochstetteri
Entoloma lochstetteri (syn Leptonia virescens, Entoloma virescens) is a sky-blue mushroom, ageing to greenish blue with ochreous tints. The conical cap is 0.8–2 in (2–5 cm) in diameter. The spores are pink.
Entoloma lochstetteri is found, generally in autumn, under broad-leaved trees and podocarps (rare under nothofagus), in soil, moss, and on rotting wood. It grows in all three islands of New Zealand, particularly on the western coasts; and is also found in Australia.
Epilobium alsinoides
Epilobium alsinoides is a variable, small, willow herb, growing to 6 in (15 cm) high. The tiny leaves are tiny and more or less toothed. Small, single, white flowers develop near the branch ends.
Epilobium alsinoides is found in tussock grassland, herbfields, riverbeds and open well-drained sites, lowland to low-alpine, North Island, South Island and Stewart Island, New Zealand. Three subspecies are recognised.
Epilobium crassum
Epilobium crassum (Epilobium antipodium) is stout, creeping and rooting plant, woody at the base. The fleshy, shiny, dark green leaves are 1.2–1.4 in (3–3.5 cm) long, with purple undersides. The flowers are white or reddish, summer.
Epilobium crassum is found in mountain to subalpine rocky herbfields and screes, in the drier mountains of South Island, New Zealand.
Epilobium glabellum
Epilobium glabellum is a sub-shrub of variable habit in the wild – it can grow up to 12 in (30 cm) high. The oval green leaves are toothed. The white bell-like flowers, up to 1 in (2.5 cm) across, are carried towards to branch tips, June to September.
Epilobium glabellum is a common willow-herb of lowland to high-alpine regions, North and South Islands, New Zealand, found from the East Cape southwards, although not in the very driest areas. It can be grown in rock gardens in moist soil.
Epilobium neteroides
Epilobium neteroides is a small, creeping, willow herb, which forms patches up to 8 in (20 cm) across. Round leaves in pairs, 0.1–0.2 in (3–5 mm) diameter. Tiny white flowers.
Epilobium neteroides is found in lowland to upper montane river and stream beds and open damp places in North Island, South Island, Stewart Island and Chatham Islands, New Zealand. Three varieties are recognised.
Epilobium pycnostachyum
Epilobium pycnostachyum is a stout semi-woody plant, which can grow up to 10 in (25 cm) high. The close-set, narrow spear-shaped, coarsely toothed, reddish-green leaves are 0.4–0.8 in (1–2 cm) long. The white flowers are about 0.35 in (9 mm) in diameter and are carried on the upper part of each stem; summer.
Epilobium pycnostachyum is found in shingle screes in low to high alpine areas of North Island and South Island, New Zealand – from Mount Ruapehu southwards to north Otago.
Euphrasia cuneata
Euphrasia cuneata is a subshrub, or perennial, which can grow up to 24 in (60 cm) high. The leaves are variable in shape. The flowers are white, with yellow on the lower lip, 0.6–0.8 in (1.5–2 cm) long.
Euphrasia cuneata is found in the coastal to low-alpine areas of the North Island, New Zealand, from Mount Egmont southwards. In the South Island it is found in coastal areas.
Euphrasia laingii
Euphrasia laingii is an erect herbaceous much-branched plant, growing up to 8 in (20 cm) high. The wedge-shaped leaves are 0.25–0.5 in (6–12 mm) long, reddish when young. The white flowers have a yellow-orange throat; summer.
Euphrasia laingii is found in snow tussock herbfields of the eastern Nelson and Marlborough, South Island, New Zealand, southwards to Mount Cook, where it is prominent. It is similar in appearance to Euphrasia monroi.
Euphrasia monroi
Euphrasia monroi is a densely branched perennial herb or sub-shrub, with a woody base, growing to 2–8 in (5–20 cm) high. The green/brown leaves are close-set, 0.2–0.4 in (5–10 mm) long. The white flowers have a yellow centre; summer.
Euphrasia monroi is found in rocky places in the mountains of Nelson, Marlborough and Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand.
F
Forstera bidwillii var densifolia
Forstera bidwillii var densifolia is a small, much branched sub-shrub. The small green leaves are tightly packed along the branches. The flowers are white, with 5–7 petals.
Forstera bidwillii var densifolia tends be short-lived in cultivation, although it comes easily from cuttings. It is found on the volcanic mountains of North Island, New Zealand. Forstera is a member of the trigger plant family, Stylidiaceae.
Forstera sedifolia
Forstera sedifolia is an herbaceous plant, with shoots coming from a sprawling base. The leathery leaves are dark green or reddish, and spear-shaped, 0.2–0.35 in (6–9 mm) long. The flowers are white, about 0.5 in (12 mm) in diameter, with an orange centre.
Forstera sedifolia is found in herbfields and rocky places, in the wetter subalpine to alpine areas of South Island and Stewart Island, New Zealand. Forstera is a member of the trigger plant family, Stylidiaceae.
Fuschia excorticata
Fuchsia excorticata is a large shrub or small spreading tree, height 20–40 ft (6–12 m), with a light brown peeling bark. The leaves are thin, oval to spear-shaped, 2–4 in (5–10 cm) long. The flowers are green and purple, turning red with age, 0.75–1.5 in (1.9–3.8 cm) long. The pollen is deep blue. Tender in the UK.
Fuchsia excorticata is the largest fuchsia in the world, and is common in forest edges from sea-level to lowland to lower mountain areas throughout North, South and Stewart Islands, New Zealand.
Fuschia perscandens
Fuchsia perscandens is a scrambling or climbing woody plant with stems up to 16 ft (5 m) long. The round green leaves are usually 1–1.2 in (2.5–3 cm) long. The purple and green flowers are 0.4 in (1 cm) long.
Fuchsia perscandens is found in forests on alluvial plains, or coastal scrub, in both North and South Islands of New Zealand, from Waikato southwards.
G
Gaultheria antipoda
Gaultheria antipoda (syn snowberry) is an erect or spreading evergreen shrub, which grows up to 40–80 in (1–2 m). The leathery, shiny leaves are round and toothed, 0.2–0.6 in (5–15 mm) long. Small, white, bell-shaped flowers in summer, followed by red, white or pink berries.
Gaultheria antipoda is found in lowland to montane forest, scrub and rocky places, North Island, South Island and Stewart Island, New Zealand.
Gaultheria crassa
Gaultheria crassa is a stout bushy shrub, which grows up to 40 in (1 m) high, although smaller at higher altitudes. The thick, leathery and rigid leaves are 0.4–0.6 in (10–15 mm) long. The small white flowers are carried in clusters, summer.
Gaultheria crassa is found in grassland, open and rocky places, in subalpine to low alpine areas of the North Island (Ruahine Range southwards), and South Island, New Zealand.
Gentiana amabilis
Gentiana amabilis is a dwarf herbaceous plant, which grows to 1.6–2 in (4–5 cm) high. The green spoon-shaped leaves are 0.6 in (1.5 cm) long, with the leaf stalks about the same in length. The single white flowers are 0.75 in (1.8 cm) across; summer.
Gentiana amabilis is found in bogs in the mountains of Otago and Southland, South Island, New Zealand. It is regarded as a dwarf moisture-loving form of Gentiana bellidifolia.
Gentiana bellidifolia
Gentiana bellidifolia (syn Gentianella bellidifolia, Oreophylax bellidifolius) is an herbaceous plant, which forms clusters of spoon-shaped to oval leaves, 0.4–0.6 in (1.0–1.5 cm) long. The white flowers are individual, or in clusters of usually 2 to 6.
Gentiana bellidifolia is found in both the North and South Islands of New Zealand, in subalpine to alpine boggy places.
Gentiana corymbifera
Gentiana corymbifera (syn Gentianella corymbifera) is an herbaceous plant forming a rosette of somewhat fleshy leaves, 2–6 × 0.4–0.8 in (5–15 × 1–2 cm). Clusters of white flowers form at the top of erect stems, which are up to 24 in (60 cm) high.
Gentiana corymbifera is found in the mountains of the South Island of New Zealand, where it grows in the drier tussock grasslands.
Gentiana matthewsii
Gentiana matthewsii is an herbaceous plant, which forms open clusters of spoon-shaped basal leaves, 0.4–1.2 in (1–3 cm) long. The white flowers are in ones or twos on slender stalks.
Gentiana matthewsii is found in to the south of the South Island, New Zealand, in western Otago and south Westland, in wet subalpine to alpine areas.
Gentiana patula
Gentiana patula is a variable herbaceous plant, which forms clusters of spear-shaped, basal, green leaves, 1–3 in (2.5–7.5 cm) long. The white flowers occur in clusters of between 3 and 10, summer.
Gentiana patula is found in the mountains of the North and South Islands of New Zealand, in wet sites, mountain to subalpine grassland.
Geranium sessiliflorum
Geranium sessiliflorum is an herbaceous clump-forming perennial. The round leaves are 0.4–0.8 in (10–20 mm) and maybe green or bronze. White flowers in summer.
Geranium sessiliflorum is found in screes, short grassland and herbfields, in montane areas of North Island, South Island and Stewart Island, New Zealand. It is also found in Australia, Tasmania and Chile.
Geranium traversii
Geranium traversii is an attractive low-growing herbaceous perennial. The green, basal leaves are round, 1–3 in (2.5–7.5 cm) diameter, and are cut into 5 to 7 lobes. The flowers are white or pink. Elegans is the usual form seen in gardens, and has pink flowers. Fairly hardy in the UK.
Geranium traversii is found on coastal rocks in the Chatham Islands, to the east of New Zealand. This is a good garden plant, easily cultivated in the UK, although it is not fully hardy. Hybrids with Geranium sessiliflorum and Geranium endressii are available.
Geum parviflorum
Geum parviflorum is a spreading or erect herbaceous plant which grows to 4–12 in (10–30 cm) high at flowering. The bright green leaves are in rosettes. White flowers, 0.6 in (1.5 cm), in diameter, at the end of hairy stems.
Geum parviflorum is found in grassland, herbfields and rock faces, subalpine to low alpine, North Island (Mount Hikurangi southwards), and South Island, New Zealand. It is also found in Chile and Fuegia.
Gingidia montana
Gingidia montana (syn Gingidium montanum) is an aromatic herbaceous plant, with attractive foliage, which can reach 20 in (50 cm) high at flowering. The leaves are highly divided, the white flowers in clusters.
The plants in Gingidia were formerly included in Anisotome and Angelica. Gingidia montana is found in moist open sites in both the North and South Islands of New Zealand. It is readily eaten by deer.
Griselinia littoralis ‘Brodick Gold’
Griselinia littoralis ‘Brodick Gold’ is a dense, evergreen, bushy shrub which can reach 10 ft (3 m). The oval variegated leaves are 1–5 in (2.5–11 cm) long, with a central cream splash and green edges. The small flowers are yellow-green, male and female flowers seen on separate bushes; spring.
It originated as a sport of Griselinia littoralis ‘Variegata’ at Brodick Castle Gardens, Isle of Arran, Scotland. Griselinia littoralis ‘Brodick Gold’ is tender in the UK, but suitable for maritime exposure. Griselinia littoralis grows in the forests and scrub of New Zealand.
Gunnera hamiltonii
Gunnera hamiltonii forms a mat of herbaceous vegetation. The green to bronze, round and toothed leaves are 0.7–1.2 in (1.7–3 cm) long and 0.4–1 in (1–2.5 cm) across. Male and female flowers are on separate plants. The female flowers are tiny. The fruits are red or orange.
This endangered plant is found in sandhills. There are small populations at Doughboy Bay and Mason Bay on Stewart Island, New Zealand, but both are at risk. Fortunately Gunnera hamiltonii is easy to grow in cultivation.
Gunnera prorepens
Gunnera prorepens forms wide-spreading mounds of herbaceous vegetation. The brownish to purple-green leaves are oval, typically 1.2 in (3 cm) long, and carried on long stalks. Male and female flowers are on separate plants. The fruits are bright red, or purplish, or yellowish.
Gunnera prorepens is found in boggy ground in lowland to montane areas, in North Island, South Island and Stewart Island, New Zealand, from Auckland southwards.
H
Haastia pulvinaris
Haastia pulvinaris forms mounds of vegetation up to 6.5 ft (2 m) across. The tiny, hair-covered leaves densely cover the branches. The flowers are yellow daisies, without the ray-florets (petals), summer.
Haastia pulvinaris is a member of the daisy family and one of the plants commonly known as a ‘vegetable sheep’. Difficult to grow in cultivation, as it readily succumbs to winter wetness. Haastia pulvinaris is found in rocky areas in the mountains of Nelson and Marlborough, South Island, New Zealand.
Haastia sinclarii
Haastia sinclairii is a trailing subshrub, which forms loose patches of vegetation. The leaves can be broad or narrow, up to 1.4 in (3.5 cm) long, and are covered in short white hairs. The white flower heads, up to 1.2 in (3 cm) across, project from the branch ends.
Haastia sinclairii is found in alpine fellfields, rocky places and screes in the eastern mountains of the South Island, New Zealand.
Halocarpus bidwillii
Halocarpus bidwillii (syn Dacrydium bidwillii, bog pine, mountain pine) is an erect or prostrate, bushy, evergreen shrub, growing 2–10 ft (0.6–3 m) high. Juvenile plants have small, narrow leaves, about 0.3 in (8 mm) long. Adult plants have tiny leaves 0.04–0.08 in (1–2 mm) long that tightly clasp the stem. Single male cone-like flowers at branch ends; female flowers single or paired at branch ends. It may be fairly hardy in the UK.
Halocarpus bidwillii is found in subalpine to mountain scrub, from Cape Colville southwards in North Island, South Island and Stewart Island, New Zealand. It is a member of the podocarp family.
Hectorella caespitosa
Hectorella caespitosa forms cushions up to 8 in (20 cm) across. The small green leaves are arranged in a tight spiral. The flowers are carried in rosettes just above the foliage.
Hectorella caespitosa is found in high alpine fellfields and cushion vegetation southwards from Arthur’s Pass, South Island, New Zealand. It was named after Sir James Hector, FRS, (1834–1907).
Helichrysum coralloides
Helichrysum coralloides is a low-growing, bushy spreading shrub, which grows up to 4–24 in (10–60 cm) high. The tiny leaves, 0.2–3 in (5–7 mm) long, clothe the branches showing their hairy green backs. Single white flowers, 0.2–0.3 in (5–8 mm) diameter, are seen at the branch tips in summer.
Helichrysum coralloides is found in rock outcrops in the dry mountains of Marlborough and North Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand. It is similar in habit to Helichrysum selago, but has much stouter branches.
Helichrysum intermedium
Helichrysum intermedium (syn Helichrysum selago var intermedium) is an erect-growing, variable, bushy shrub, up to 16 in (40 cm) high. The tiny hairy leaves cover the branches. The flowers are white to yellow.
Helichrysum intermedium is found in rocky places in subalpine areas throughout the South Island, New Zealand. When not in flower it can be confused with a whipcord hebe.
Helichrysum parvifolium
Helichrysum parvifolium (syn Helichrysum microphyllum) is a bushy shrub which may reach 24 in (60 cm) high. The tiny leaves are about 0.08 in (2 mm) long and overlap the branches, upper surface woolly when young, lower surface densely woolly. White to yellow flower heads, summer.
Helichrysum parvifolium is found in rocky places, in the dry montane to subalpine regions of southern Nelson and Marlborough and northern Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand.
Helichrysum selago
Helichrysum selago is a much-branched shrub which grows up to 12 in (30 cm) high. The tiny, adult green leaves are 0.12”0.16 in (3”4 mm) long, and have hairy edges. White to yellow flower heads at the branch ends, summer.
Helichrysum selago is found in rocky places, in the dry montane to subalpine places throughout the South Island, New Zealand.
Hoheria angustifolia
Hoheria angustifolia is a small, slim, upright, evergreen tree, which grows 10–20 ft (3–6 m) high. Juvenile plants are much branched small shrubs, with small round leaves 0.15–0.3 in (4–8 mm) long. Adult plants have narrow, toothed leaves 0.8–1.3 in (2–3.2 cm) long. White starry flowers, diameter 0.3 in (0.8 cm), summer to autumn. It may be fairly hardy in the UK.
Hoheria angustifolia is found in lowland and hilly forests and swamp edges, southern North Island and eastern South Island, New Zealand.
Hoheria glabrata
Hoheria glabrata is an attractive deciduous tree, or large shrub, that grows up 32 ft (10 m). The oval leaves are bright green, the edges serrated, and the leaf tip pointed. The white flowers are fragrant, summer. Hardy in the UK.
Hoheria glabrata is found in the wetter areas of the South Island of New Zealand, and often forms large woods. It is closely related to Hoheria lyallii, which grows in the drier areas of the South Island.
Hoheria ‘Glory of Amlwch’
Hoheria ‘Glory of Amlwch’ is a semi-evergreen, large shrub or small tree, which can grow to 13 ft (4 m). The oval serrated leaves are about 3.5 in (9 cm) long. White flowers about 1.5 in (4 cm) across in clusters of three to eight are seen in July. It is hardy in the UK.
Hoheria ‘Glory of Amlwch’ was raised before 1948 by Dr Jones of Amlwch, Anglesey, Wales, UK. It is thought to be a hybrid between Hoheria glabrata and Hoheria sexstylosa, both natives of New Zealand.
Hoheria lyallii
Hoheria lyallii is a deciduous small tree, or large shrub, which grows to 10 ft (3 m) or more. Leaves on young plants are oval, toothed, and 0.8–2.75 in (2–7 cm) long. Leaves on adult plants are broadly oval, green, toothed, and 2–8 in (5–20 cm) long. The white flowers are up to 1.6 in (4 cm) diameter; early summer. It is hardy in the UK.
Hoheria lyallii is found in forests, forest margins and streamsides in subalpine and drier mountains to the east of the South Alps, from Marlborough to Otago, South Island, New Zealand.
Hoheria populnea
Hoheria populnea is an evergreen small tree or large shrub growing to 12 ft (3.6 m) or more. The oval, green leaves are toothed, 1–2.4 in (2.5–6 cm) long. The white flowers are 0.8–1 in (2–2.5 cm) across; late summer. It is fairly hardy in the UK.
Hoheria populnea is found in coastal and lowland forests of the North Island of New Zealand, from the North Cape south to latitude 38°. Also known as lacebark. It is a very variable species with many forms.
Hoheria sexstylosa
Hoheria sexstylosa is an erect much-branched tree which grows 12–25 ft (4–8 m) or more. The leaves vary in shape, 1–3 in (2.5–7.5 cm) in young plants, 2–7.5 in (5–19 cm) in mature plants. The flowers are up 0.75 in (1.9 cm) across. Fairly hardy in the UK.
Hoheria sexstylosa is found in lowland and lower mountain forests in the North and South Islands of New Zealand. Starburst is a good-flowering, compact and upright form.
Hymenanthera crassifolia – see Melicytus crassifolius
K
Knightia excelsa
Knightia excelsa is an upright tree, resembling the Lombardy poplar in habit, which can grow to 100 ft (30 m). The leaves have serrated edges and are up to 8 in (20 cm) long. The small dark red flowers crowd together to form a bottlebrush-like inflorescence.
It is found in lowland to lower mountain forests in the North Island of New Zealand, and the north of the South Island. Knightia excelsa is one of only two members of the Protea family resident in New Zealand. The Maori name rewarewa is commonly used.
Kunzea ericoides
Kunzea ericoides (syn Leptospermum ericoides) is a large, evergreen shrub or small tree up to 50 ft (15 m) high. The leaves are small, pointed, and aromatic. The flowers are small, white, and 5 petalled. In flower mature specimens are covered in a mass of white blossom, although immature plants can flower less well. Fairly hardy in the UK.
Kunzea ericoides is abundant in lowland and mountain forests, and shrublands, throughout the North and South Islands of New Zealand. In 1983 it was moved to Kunzea, due to its male floral characteristics.
L
Leptinella potentillina
Leptinella potentillina (syn Cotula potentillina, brass buttons) is a low-growing, spreading and rooting herb, forming patches up to 2 in (5 cm) high, and 12–16 in (30–40 cm) across. The fernlike leaves are usually pewter-tinted, 1.6–2 in (4–5 cm) long. Yellow flower heads in spring or summer. It can be used as groundcover where little else is suitable, in root-starved soil, in sun or partial shade. Hardy to –29°C.
Leptinella potentillina is found in damp, coastal places in the Auckland and Chatham Islands, New Zealand.
Leptinella squalida
Leptinella squalida (syn Cotula squalida) is variable in habit, a low-growing, spreading and rooting herb, forming patches up to 20 in (50 cm) across. The fernlike leaves are usually bright green, they may be hairy or without hairs, 1.2–2 in (3–5 cm) long. White unisexual flower heads, female heads larger than male heads.
Leptinella squalida is found in open, damp places in lowland to low-alpine regions of North, South and Stewart Islands, New Zealand.
Leptospermum scoparium
Leptospermum scoparium is a large shrub, or small tree, growing to 12–15 ft (3.3–4.5 m). The leaves are small and pointed. The flowers are white, sometimes tinged with pink, up to 0.6 in (1.5 cm) in diameter. Fairly hardy in the UK.
Leptospermum scoparium is common in lowland to subalpine areas in North and South Islands of New Zealand, also Stewart, the Chatham Islands, and Australia. It has been used as a substitute for tea, hence the name tea tree; also commonly called manuka, its Maori name.
Leptospermum scoparium ‘Kiwi’
Leptospermum scoparium ‘Kiwi’ is a low-growing bushy shrub, reaching 20 in (0.5 m) high. The small, narrow leaves are up to 0.4 in (1 cm) long, purple when young, dark green, when mature. The relatively large red-pink flowers are 0.4 in (1 cm) across, summer.
Leptospermum scoparium ‘Kiwi’ is one of the best members of the Nanum group of Leptospermum scoparium cultivars, and was raised in the 1950s by Duncan and Davies Nursery of New Plymouth, North Island, New Zealand. Hardy to 23°F, –5°C.
Leptospermum scoparium ‘Martinii’
Leptospermum scoparium ‘Martinii’ is an upright bushy shrub growing to 6–12 ft (1.8–3.6 m) tall. The narrow, spear-shaped, leathery, green leaves are 0.4–0.7 in (1.1–1.8 cm) long. The flowers are two-tone pink and red, opening pale and darkening with age, giving a nice contrast between old and new flowers, 0.8 in (2 cm) in diameter, summer. Fairly hardy in the UK.
Leptospermum scoparium ‘Martinii’ was raised by Mr Martin of Aramoho, Wanganui, North Island, New Zealand.
Leptospermum scoparium ‘Pink Cascade’
Leptospermum scoparium ‘Pink Cascade’ is a prostrate form that is excellent for using as evergreen groundcover or spilling over walls, it grows to 24 in (0.6 m) high and 60 in (1.5 m) wide. Its single flowers, in tones of pink, are borne abundantly in late spring and early summer. It is fairy hardy in the UK.
Leptospermum scoparium ‘Pink Cascade’ needs a sunny, sheltered site.
Leptospermum scoparium ‘Red Damask’
Leptospermum scoparium ‘Red Damask’ is an upright bushy shrub growing to 6–10 ft (1.8–3 m) high. The small, narrow bronze-green leaves are up to 0.5 in long (1.2 cm). The double deep-red long-lasting flowers are 0.6–0.7 in (1.5–1.8 cm) across, summer. Fairly hardy in the UK.
Leptospermum scoparium ‘Red Damask’ was raised by Dr W E Lammerts of the University of California in 1939, who crossed Leptospermum scoparium ‘Nichollsii’ with one having double rose coloured flowers.
Leptospermum scoparium ‘Red Ensign’
Leptospermum scoparium ‘Red Ensign’ has an upright bushy habit, 6.5 × 5 ft (2 × 1.5 m). The single, bright glowing crimson flowers are produced in great profusion. Fairly hardy in the UK.
Leptospermum scoparium ‘Red Ensign’ first appeared in the Duncan and Davies (New Plymouth, North Island, New Zealand) catalogue of 1967. It is possible that this is the same plant as, or near to, Leptospermum scoparium ‘Nichollsii Improved’.
Leptospermum scoparium ‘Wiri Linda’
Leptospermum scoparium ‘Wiri Linda’ forms a small bushy evergreen tree 6 × 4 ft (1.8 × 1.2 m). The narrow, spear-shaped leaves are up to 0.4 in (1 cm) long. The flowers are double white, early summer and maybe again in autumn. Fairly hardy in the UK.
This recent leptospermum cultivar was bred at the Auckland Regional Botanic Gardens, New Zealand. In the UK it would probably be hardy to –6°C, so would need some protection in colder areas.
Leucogenes leontopodium
Leucogenes leontopodium is a perennial herb with a woody base, growing to 4–6 in (10–15 cm). The leaves are 0.4–0.8 in (1–2 cm) long, and are densely covered in silky hairs. Clusters of 8–15 flowers are surrounded woolly bracts, summer.
Leucogenes leontopodium is found in rock outcrops and crevices in the mountains of the North Island, and the Richmond Range of South Island, New Zealand. It is also called North Island edelweiss.
Libertia grandiflora
Libertia grandiflora is a large tufted herbaceous plant growing up to 20 in (50 cm) tall. The narrow, green, semi-erect leaves are 12–24 in (30–60 cm) long. The white flowers are carried over the foliage: late spring.
Libertia grandiflora is found along streamsides and within forests in North Island, and to the north of the South Island, New Zealand.
Linum monogynum
Linum monogynum is a short-lived perennial or woody subshrub up to 16 in (40 cm) high. The narrow, leathery grey to green leaves are spear-shaped, 0.2–1 in (5–25 mm) long. The flowers are white and up to 1 in (2.5 cm) in diameter.
Linum monogynum is found in North Island, South Island, Stewart Island and ths Chatham Islands, New Zealand, in sand dunes and rocky places, coastal and also low mountain areas.
Lophomyrtus bullata
Lophomyrtus bullata is an evergreen shrub, or small tree, up to 26 ft (8 m) high. The thick, leathery, glossy, blistered leaves are broad oval shaped, 1–2 in (2.5–5 cm) long. The cream white flowers are 0.5 in (1.2 cm) in diameter, summer, followed by dark reddish-purple (becoming black) berries. It is probably hardy to –8°C.
Lophomyrtus bullata is found in coastal and lowland forests of North Island and northern South Island, New Zealand. It is a member of the myrtle family.
Lophomyrtus obcordata
Lophomyrtus obcordata forms a shrub, or small tree, up to 16 ft (5 m) high. The leaves are heart-shaped, 0.2–0.4 in (5–10 mm) long. The small, white flowers are 0.25 in (6 mm) in diameter.
Lophomyrtus obcordata is found locally in coastal and lowland forests of North Island and South Island, New Zealand.
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Melicytus crassifolius
Melicytus crassifolius (Hymenanthera crassifolia) is a much-branched, evergreen shrub growing up to 40–80 in (1–2 m) high. The dark green, leathery, spear-shaped leaves are 0.25–0.5 in (0.8–1.2 cm) long. Small yellow flowers in spring followed by white berries in autumn. It is hardy in the UK.
Melicytus crassifolius is found in coastal rocky places in North Island, South Island southwards to Banks Peninsula, New Zealand. It is a member of the violet family and was introduced to the UK in about 1875.
Metrosideros carminea
Metrosideros carminea is a sturdy climber that can grow up to 40 ft (12 m) high. The dark green, leathery, oval leaves are 0.8–1.6 in (2–4 cm) long. The flowers are carmine; spring.
Metrosideros carminea is found in coastal and lowland forests in the northern half of the North Island, and is one of New Zealand’s most endangered plants. It can be grown as a climber or a bush. When established is hardy to –4°C, and so in the UK could be grown in coastal or mild areas. In a large pot it would make a fine specimen for a conservatory.
Metrosideros excelsa
Metrosideros excelsa forms a wide-spreading, evergreen tree 30–70 ft (9–21 m) high. The mature leaves are round, leathery, dark green and 1–4 in (2.5–10 cm) long. The flowers are a spectacular spray of red stamens, several inches across.
Metrosideros excelsa is found in coastal forest in the North Island, as far south as Gisborne in the east and New Plymouth in the west. This a much-loved plant is called the New Zealand Christmas tree (due to its time of flowering) or pohutukawa (its Maori name). In most of the UK it is too tender to survive a winter outside.
Metrosideros excelsa ‘Variegata’
Metrosideros excelsa ‘Variegata’ is an evergreen tree with creamy-yellow edged leaves. The flowers are red. Not commonly grown, even in New Zealand. Probably best grown in a conservatory in the UK.
Metrosideros excelsa ‘Variegata’ is the variegated form of the New Zealand Christmas tree, or pohutukawa (its Maori name).
Metrosideros kermadecensis ‘Variegata’
Metrosideros kermadecensis ‘Variegata’ forms a wide-spreading tree 20–60 ft (6–18 m) high. The leaves are smaller and more rounded than those of Metrosideros excelsa. The flowers are a spectacular spray of red stamens, but not as large as those of Metrosideros excelsa.
Metrosideros kermadecensis is found on Raoul Island, in the Kermadec group, to the north-east of New Zealand. In the UK this cultivar is best grown in a conservatory, where it should be pruned to size.
Metrosideros ‘Maungapiko’
Metrosideros ‘Maungapiko’ is an evergreen tree that can grow up to 33 ft (10 m) high. The green, leathery leaves are spear-shaped. Crimson red flowers; summer. Tender in the UK.
Metrosideros ‘Maungapiko’ is believed to be a cross between Metrosideros excelsa and Metrosideros umbellata. It is a naturally occurring hybrid that was found by New Zealand nurseryman and ecologist Graeme Platt on Mount Maungapiko on Great Barrier Island, to the north-east of Auckland, New Zealand. The original tree has since been destroyed by road widening.
Metrosideros perforata
Metrosideros perforata is a climber growing up to 50 ft (15 m) high, or a bushy shrub. The leathery green oval leaves are 0.25–0.5 in (0.6–1.2 cm) long, the leaves when young tend to lie in one plane. The small white or pink flowers are carried in small clusters, summer. Tender in the UK.
Metrosideros perforata is found in coastal to lowland forests and forest edges, North Island, South Island and Three Kings Island, New Zealand. When a tree is not available to climb, it forms a shrub-like mound.
Metrosideros robusta
Metrosideros robusta forms a large tree, up to 80 ft (24 m) tall. The dark green leaves are oval in shape 1–1.6 in (2.5–4 cm) long. The flowers are dull red, summer. Tender in the UK.
Metrosideros robusta is found in the forests of the North Island, Three Knights Island, and the western South Island, New Zealand. This plant often begins life as an epiphyte, perching in another tree. In time roots are sent down to the ground, and the metrosideros takes over. In New Zealand it is commonly called by its Maori name, rata.
Metrosideros umbellata
Metrosideros umbellata is an evergreen tree that can grow to 50 ft (15 m) high. The thick, leathery leaves are spear-shaped, up to 2 in (5 cm) long. The red flowers can cover the tree, making it splendid sight; summer. One form of this plant has pale yellow flowers. It can be shy-flowering when young. Tender in the UK.
Metrosideros umbellata is also called southern rata, and is found in lowland to mountain forests, in the North Island of New Zealand, from Whangarei southwards, and throughout the South Island (mainly to the west) and Stewart Island.
Myosotidium hortensia
Myosotidium hortensia is a large and impressive herbaceous plant from the Chatham Islands, reaching 24 in (60 cm) or more high. The flowers are pale to dark blue, up to 0.7 in (1.7 cm) in diameter. Fairly hardy in the UK.
Myosotidium hortensia has proved to be hardy in cultivation in the UK, with a recent report of it growing near a north-facing wall, in a garden in Derbyshire, at 600 ft (180 m) above sea level. It is also called Chatham Island forget-me-not. There is a white form in cultivation.
Myosotis colensoi
Myosotis colensoi is a mat-forming herbaceous perennial plant that grows in clumps up to 8–20 in (20–50 cm) across. The greyish green, spear-shaped, rosette leaves are 0.8–1.2 in (2–3 cm) long, the stem leaves are smaller. White flowers with a yellow eye in spring to summer.
Myosotis colensoi is found on limestone rocks in the upper Waimakariri Valley, South Island, New Zealand. It is said to be good for growing in rock gardens.
Myrsine divaricata
Myrsine divaricata is an evergreen, bushy shrub, with an attractive weeping habit, which grows to 10–12 ft (3–3.5 m) high. The small, green, leathery leaves are 0.3–0.5 in (7–12 mm) long, sometimes with a tiny notch at the tip. The tiny flowers, with pale yellow or red petals, occur in clusters.
Myrsine divaricata is found in lowland to higher montane forests and shrublands, in North Island (from latitude 35° southwards), South Island, Stewart Island, Auckland Island, and Campbell Island, New Zealand.
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Nestegis lanceolata
Nestegis lanceolata is an evergreen tree that grows to 20–50 ft (6–15 m) high. The leathery, glossy, green leaves are narrow spear-shaped, and are 2–6 in (5–15 cm) long. The flowers are small and light green; summer. Red or orange berries, about 0.4 in (1 cm), mature the following summer to autumn.
Nestegis lanceolata is found in lowland to low-mountain forests in the North Island, and locally to the north of the South Island, New Zealand. Also called white maire. It is a member of the olive family.
Nothofagus menziesii
Nothofagus menziesii is an evergreen tree that grows to 80 ft (24 m) or more in height. The bark is silvery on young trees and darker in old trees. The leaves are small, round and toothed. The tiny male and female flowers are carried on the same tree.
Nothofagus menziesii is called silver beech and is found in lowland to mountain forests, from Thames southwards in the North Island of New Zealand, and throughout the South Island. The timber is red, with a compact and straight grain, and is used in furniture making.
Nothofagus solandri
Nothofagus solandri (syn Nothofagus solandri var solandri, black beech) is a tall, slender, evergreen tree that reaches 30–80 ft (9–24 m) high. The dark green leaves are oval shaped with a blunt tip, 0.3–0.8 in (7–20 mm) long, white underneath in mature trees. The male flowers consist of red stamens, making the tree appear red when in flower, spring.
Nothofagus solandri grows in lowland and lower montane forests southwards from the East Cape in the North Island, to south Canterbury in South Island, New Zealand.
Nothofagus solandri var cliffortoides
Nothofagus solandri var cliffortioides (syn Nothofagus cliffortioides) is an evergreen tree that reaches 30–40 ft (9–12 m) or more. The leathery, green, spear-shaped leaves are 0.4–0.6 in (1–1.5 cm) long. The male flowers consist of red stamens, making the tree appear red when in flower.
Nothofagus solandri var cliffortioides grows in mountain to subalpine forests, from the Volcanic Plateau of North Island, to the south of South Island. It is also called mountain beech, and regarded by botanists as a smaller form of Nothofagus solandri.
Nothothlaspi rosulatum
Notothlaspi rosulatum has a flat rosette of grey leaves, up to 3 in (8 cm) across. Above the leaves a conical flowerhead of white flowers is seen in summer. After flowering it dies.
Notothlaspi rosulatum is called the penwiper plant, as it resembles an old-fashioned cloth penwiper. It is found in the drier subalpine to high alpine areas of the South Island of New Zealand, from Marlborough southwards to North Otago.
O
Olearia albida
Olearia albida var albida (Olearia albida) is an evergreen, upright shrub or small tree, growing to 10–20 ft (3–6 m) in the wild. The green leathery leaves are broadly spear-shaped, 2–4 in (5–10 cm) long; the edges may be flat or wavy, white beneath on mature plants. Open clusters of white daisy flowers in summer to autumn.
Olearia albida grows locally in coastal forests and scrublands from North Cape to East Cape, North Island, New Zealand. In cultivation this daisy bush is a vigorous grower, but is tender in the UK.
Olearia albida var angulata
Olearia albida var angulata (Olearia angulata) is an evergreen shrub or tree, which grows to 13 ft (4 m) high in the wild. The rough, green, leathery, broad spear-shaped leaves are 1.6–3.2 in (4–8 cm) long, with strongly wavy edges; white or pale yellow-green beneath. Open clusters of white daisy flowers in summer to autumn.
Olearia albida var angulata grows on cliffs, North Cape to north Taranaki, North Island, New Zealand. This daisy bush is slower growing than Olearia albida var albida and is less tender.
Olearia arborescens
Olearia arborescens is a spreading, bushy, evergreen shrub, or small tree, 3–12 ft (1–3.6 m) high in the wild. The leathery, shiny green, broad oval-shaped leaves are 1.6–3 in (4–7.5 cm) long, silvery beneath, the edges are wavy and toothed. The white flowers are, carried in wide, much branched flower heads; spring to summer.
Olearia arborescens is found in lowland to mountain scrubland in North Island, East Cape southwards and throughout South and Stewart Islands, New Zealand. Not fully hardy in the UK.
Olearia avicenniifolia
Olearia avicenniifolia is a spreading, bushy, evergreen shrub, or small tree, 8–20 ft (2.4–6 m) high in the wild. The leathery, green, broad lance-shaped leaves are 2–4 in (5–10 cm) long, buff to white beneath. The sweetly scented flowers are white, carried in wide, much branched flower heads; late summer. In New Zealand it is hardy and dry tolerant in cultivation.
Olearia albida var angulata grows on cliffs, North Cape to north Taranaki, North Island, New Zealand. This daisy bush is slower growing than Olearia albida var albida and is less tender.
Olearia capillaris
Olearia capillaris is a very branched, compact, evergreen shrub, which can reach 7 ft (2 m) high, and more across. The leaves are round, 0.25–0.75 in (0.6–2 cm) long. The white flowers are carried in clusters, June. Fairly hardy in the UK.
Olearia capillaris is found locally in wet mountain areas, in scrub, and forest edges, in both the North and South Islands of New Zealand. Recent research has shown that this plant is a naturally occurring hybrid between Olearia arborescens and Olearia quinquevulnera.
Olearia cheesemanii
Olearia cheesemanii is an erect, bushy, evergreen shrub, growing up to 12 ft (3.5 m) tall. The spear-shaped, dark green leaves are 2–3.3 in (5–8.5 cm) long. The daisy flowers are carried in dense heads, spring.
Olearia cheesemanii is found along lowland streamsides south of Auckland in the North Island, and to the Southern Alps in the South Island, New Zealand. Not fully hardy in the UK. May be seen under the name Olearia rani. Closely allied to Olearia arborescens.
Olearia coriacea
Olearia coriacea is an erect or spreading, evergreen, sparing to much-branched shrub growing to 6.5–10 ft (2–3 m) high. The leathery, saddle-shaped oval leaves are 0.5–0.8 in (1.2–2 cm) long, with wavy edges. The daisy flowers are carried in somewhat open heads, summer.
Olearia coriacea is found locally in lowland to mountain shrubland, in Marlborough and Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand. It resembles a smaller Olearia paniculata.
Olearia cymbifolia
Olearia cymbifolia (syn Olearia nummulariifolia var cymbifolia) is an erect, bushy, evergreen shrub which grows to about 40–80 in (1–2 m). The leathery leaves are parallel sided, with the edges rolled under, 0.3–0.6 in (7–14 mm) long, sticky when young. Single daisy flowers, summer. Hardy in the UK.
Olearia cymbifolia is found in mountain and subalpine scrubland to the east of the Southern Alps, South Island, New Zealand.
Olearia x haastii
Olearia × haastii (syn Olearia ‘Haastii’) is an upright bushy evergreen shrub which grows to about 4–8 ft (1.2–2.4 m). The dark green, shiny, leathery leaves are spear-shaped 0.5–1.3 in (1.2–3.2 cm) long, white beneath. Flower heads of white daisy flowers, summer.
Olearia × haastii is rare natural hybrid that occurs in the South Island, New Zealand. The parentage has been given as Olearia avicenniifolia and Olearia moschata. It is usually regarded as the hardiest olearia grown in the UK.
Olearia ‘Henry Travers’
Olearia ‘Henry Travers’ is a dense, upright, bushy, evergreen shrub, which grows to a height 10 ft (3 m) and spread 16 ft (5 m). The green leaves are narrow and spear shaped, 1.5–3 in (4–8 cm) long, white below. The solitary flowers are lilac with a purple centre, about 2 in (5 cm) across; summer.
Olearia ‘Henry Travers’ is tender in the UK, but good for a seaside garden, as it is very tolerant of wind. This plant was introduced to Ireland as Olearia semidentata in 1908, but is now believed to be a hybrid between Olearia semidentata and Olearia chathamica, which has coarser toothed leaves, both of which are native to the Chatham Islands, New Zealand.
Olearia ilicifolia
Olearia ilicifolia is a much-branched, evergreen, large shrub or small tree, reaching 6–16 ft (1.8–5 m) high. The grey-green leaves are narrow and spear-shaped, 2–4 in (5–10 cm) long, with undulating and toothed edges. The flowers are white. Hardy in the UK.
Olearia ilicifolia is found in lowland to subalpine forest, and scrub, in North Island, South Island and Stewart Island. Like the closely related Olearia macrodonta, it is called New Zealand holly.
Olearia illicifolia x moschata
Olearia ilicifolia × moschata, syn Olearia mollis (hort), is a smallish evergreen shrub of compact habit. The grey, spear-shaped, slightly-toothed wavy-edged leaves are up to 1.6 in (4 cm) long. Flowerheads of white daisies in late spring. Hardy in the UK.
The origin of Olearia ilicifolia × Olearia moschata is unknown. There is the similarly named Olearia mollis (Kirk), which is the hybrid Olearia ilicifolia × Olearia lacunosa.
Olearia lacunosa
Olearia lacunosa is an evergreen shrub or small tree, growing up to 6–15 ft (1.5–4.6 m). The narrow leaves are 3–7 in (7.5–17.5 cm) long, dark green above and brown below. White starry flowers in summer. It is fairly hardy in the UK, but can be shy flowering.
Olearia lacunosa is found in lowland to subalpine forests, Tararua Range southwards in North Island and mainly to the west of South Island, New Zealand. It makes a specimen plant of great character, and succeeds best in a moist soil.
Olearia macrodonta
Olearia macrodonta is an evergreen medium shrub or small tree, growing up to 10 ft (3 m) or more. The leaves are light green, oval, 2–4 in (5–10 cm) long. The leaf edges are serrated giving them a holly-like appearance, hence the appellation ‘New Zealand holly’. The white flowers occur in large panicles, and have a musky odour.
Olearia macrodonta is closely related to the narrow leaved Olearia ilicifolia, which also has serrated leaves. Olearia macrodonta is found from the East Cape southwards, in the North Island of New Zealand, and throughout the South Island.
Olearia moschata
Olearia moschata is an erect, evergreen, bushy shrub, which grows to 4–12 ft (1.2–3.6 m) high. The grey-green leaves are leathery, spear-shaped, 0.3–0.8 in (8–20 mm) long. White daisy flowers in summer. It is hardy in the UK.
Olearia moschata is found in subalpine to mountain scrubland, in South Island, Arthur’s Pass southwards, New Zealand.
Olearia nummulariifolia
Olearia nummulariifolia is a medium sized, much branched, evergreen shrub, reaching 10 ft (3 m). Its stiff branches give the bushes an unusual appearance. The leaves are small, thick, oval and yellow-green in colour. The flowers are carried at the branch tips.
Olearia nummulariifolia is found in scrub, usually at 2,000–4,500 ft (600–1,400 m), from the East Cape southwards in the North Island of New Zealand, and throughout the South Island. Hardy in cultivation in the UK.
Olearia paniculata
Olearia paniculata forms a much-branched, evergreen shrub or small tree 8–20 ft (2.5–7.5 m) high. The leather, oval, yellow-green leaves are 1.6–3 in (4–7.5 cm) long. The underside of leaf is white to buff, while the leaf edges are markedly wavy. The tiny, highly scented, daisy flowers are carried in branched flower heads; late autumn.
Olearia paniculata is found in coastal areas to mountain scrublands, and forest edges, in both North and South Islands of New Zealand, from East Cape to Greymouth. In cultivation it needs well-drained soils, and an open position. It is not fully hardy in the UK.
Olearia solandri
Olearia solandri is an erect, bushy, evergreen shrub or small tree 5–15 ft (1.5–4.6 m) high. The spear shaped leaves on mature plants are dark green above, yellow below, and are 0.2–0.3 in (5–8 mm) long. The small daisy flowers are highly scented; summer.
Olearia solandri is found near the coast, (occasionally inland) in the North Island, and in Marlborough to the north of the South Island, New Zealand. Not fully hardy in the UK.
Olearia traversii
Olearia traversii is a fast-growing, erect, evergreen shrub or small tree, which grows to 15–20 ft (4.6–6 m). The green, leathery oval leaves are 1.6–2.4 in (4–6.2 cm) long, and are in opposite pairs, white underneath. The tiny daisy flowers are carried in branched flower heads; summer.
Olearia traversii is found in forests of the Chatham Islands, New Zealand. It is useful as windbreak near the sea, where it can be clipped. Will tolerate dry conditions, but is not fully hardy in the UK. There are several variegated forms of this daisy bush.
Olearia ‘Waikariensis’
Olearia ‘Waikariensis’ (syn Olearia oleifolia ‘Waikariensis’) is an erect, spreading, evergreen shrub that grows to 4–6 ft (1.2–1.5 m) high. The leaves are spear shaped, green above, white beneath, 2.5 in (6.5 cm) long. Clusters of white daisy flowers in summer.
Olearia ‘Waikariensis’ is a hybrid of unknown origin that first appeared in the Duncan and Davies (of New Plymouth, North Island, New Zealand) catalogue in 1926. Hardy in the UK.
Ourisia macrophylla
Ourisia macrophylla is an herbaceous perennial, which forms rosettes of leaves. The green leaves are oval to circular, 1.6–4 in (4–10 cm) in diameter. The white flowers have a yellow tube, spring to summer.
Ourisia macrophylla is found above the tree line on Taranaki (Mount Egmont), North Island, New Zealand. Subspecies robusta has a much wider distribution, and has a reputation as a better garden plant.
Ozothamnus leptophyllus – see Cassinia vauvilliersii
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Pachystegia insignis
Pachystegia insignis (syn Olearia insignis) is a low-growing, spreading, evergreen shrub, growing up to 1–6 ft (30 cm – 1.8 m) high. The thick, leathery, round leaves are 3–7 in (7.5–17.5 cm) long, mature leaves are shiny green above, white or light brown beneath. The immature flower heads start as felt drumsticks, and open into daisy flowers; summer.
Pachystegia insignis is found in rocky places in Marlborough and north Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand. Pachystegia is closely related to Olearia.
Parahebe catarractae
Parahebe catarractae is a decumbent, or erect, evergreen subshrub. The green, toothed, spear-shaped leaves are 1–4 in (2.5–10 cm) long. The white flowers are veined pink or purple, 0.25–0.5 in (0.6–1.2 cm) in diameter. Hardy in the UK.
Parahebe catarractae grows beside streams, on cliffs and rocky places in lowland to mountain areas of North Island, South Island, and Stewart Island, New Zealand. A variable plant with several forms in cultivation.
Parahebe hookeriana
Parahebe hookeriana is a low-growing, much branched, evergreen subshrub. The toothed, thick, leathery, oval, green leaves are 0.2–0.5 in (4–12 mm) long. The flowers are lavender to white, up to 0.4 in (1 cm) in diameter. Hardy in the UK.
Parahebe hookeriana grows in subalpine rocky places in the North Island of New Zealand, including the Volcanic Plateau.
Parahebe spathulata
Parahebe spathulata is an evergreen, bushy subshrub that forms a low cushions of grey foliage up to 10 in (25 cm) across. The tiny rounded hairy leaves are 0.1–0.4 in (2–10 mm) across. White flowers in clusters of 2–7 on short stems; summer.
Parahebe spathulata is found in the screes and solidified lava of mountains in the central volcanic plateau, North Island, New Zealand.
Peraxilla tetrapetala – see Elytranthe tetrapetala
Phormium cookianum ‘Tricolor’
Phormium cookianum ‘Tricolor’ has drooping leaves up to 5 ft (1.5 m) long, which the plant an arching habit. The leaf margins are cream-yellow, with a narrow red edge. The flowers are yellow, in a spike up to 3 ft (1 m) high.
The original plant of Phormium cookianum ‘Tricolor’ was discovered in the late 1880s on the banks of the Wainuioru River in the Wairarapa area, to the east of Wellington, North Island of New Zealand. It is one of the most beautiful Phormium cultivars, and a useful addition to any shrub border.
Phormium tenax
Phormium tenax has stiff parallel sided leaves, up to 9 ft (2.7 m) long and 2–5 in (5–13 cm) wide. The flowers are usually dark red and are borne in a spike up to 15 ft (5 m) high. Hardy in the UK.
Phormium tenax is found from coast to lower mountain areas, in swamps or hillsides, throughout the North and South Islands of New Zealand. It is known as New Zealand flax, although it is not related to the true flax, Linum. Many forms are in cultivation, and some are hybrids with Phormium cookianum.
Phormium ‘Yellow Wave’
Phormium ‘Yellow Wave’ has drooping leaves up to 40 in (1 m) long, which the plant an arching habit. The leaves have a central cream band with a number of green stripes. Yellow and orange flowers on 6 ft (1.8 m) spikes, summer. Fairly hardy in the UK.
This fine and popular phormium cultivar was raised in 1967 by Mr F M Jury of Waitara, North Island, New Zealand, who crossed a red-striped form of Phormium tenax with Phormium cookianum.
Phyllocladus aspleniifolius var alpinus
Phyllocladus aspleniifolius var alpinus (syn Phyllocladus trichomanoides var alpinus, Phyllocladus alpinus) is an evergreen shrub or small tree growing to 8–30 ft (2.4–9 m) high. The green leaves are deeply lobed, up to 1 in (2.5 cm) long, although they can be longer. Red male strobili (cones) in bundles, summer.
Phyllocladus aspleniifolius var alpinus is found in subalpine forests in North and South Islands, New Zealand. The leaves are cladodes, flattened stems. Hardy in the UK.
Pittosporum colensoi
Pittosporum colensoi (syn Pittosporum tenuifolium var colensoi) is an evergreen tree growing up to 33 ft (10 m) high. The oval green leaves are 1.6–4 in (4–10 cm) long; the edges are not wavy, as they are in Pittosporum tenuifolium. The flowers are dark red, diameter 0.6 in (1.5 cm), late spring. Fairly hardy in the UK.
Pittosporum colensoi grows in lowland to montane forest from the Bay of Plenty in North Island, southwards through South Island to Stewart Island, New Zealand.
Pittosporum ‘Crinkles’
Pittosporum ‘Crinkles’ is a small, compact, evergreen shrub. It has thick, black stems and small, leathery, mid-green, wavy-edged leaves, up to 1.2 in (3 cm) long. Pinkish, female flowers in spring.
Pittosporum ‘Crinkles’ was raised at Bicton College, Devon, UK, and is thought to be a hybrid between Pittosporum colensoi and Pittosporum tenuifolium.
Pittosporum dallii
Pittosporum dallii is a spreading, evergreen, large shrub or small tree, growing up to 20 ft (6 m) high. The leathery, dull, spear-shaped, green leaves, 2–4 in (5–10 cm) long, have a toothed edge, and are clustered towards the ends of the branches. Clusters of scented creamy-white flowers, summer.
This beautiful, endangered plant is found in forest, forest edges and amongst rocks at a few isolated locations in the mountains of north-west Nelson, South Island, New Zealand. Pittosporum dallii is fairly hardy in the UK.
Pittosporum eugenioides
Pittosporum eugenioides forms an evergreen large shrub or small tree, growing up to 40 ft (12 m) high. The glossy, green, spear-shaped leaves are 2–4 in (5–10 cm) long, with wavy edges, and have a lemon scent when crushed. The greenish yellow flowers are scented; spring.
Pittosporum eugenioides is found in forest clearings and edges, and riverbanks, in lowland to mountain forests throughout both islands of New Zealand. Also called tarata or lemonwood. It is not totally hardy in the UK.
Pittosporum ‘Garnettii’
Pittosporum ‘Garnettii’ is an attractive, evergreen, bushy shrub, growing to 10 ft (3 m). The grey-green, oval leaves are 1.6–2 in (4–5 cm) long, and have a cream edge, which takes on a pink flush in winter. The flowers are very darkest purple; spring.
Its parents are probably Pittosporum ralphii and Pittosporum tenuifolium. It was named after Arthur Garnett who discovered it. Pittosporum ‘Garnettii’ is hardy in New Zealand and the United Kingdom.
Pittosporum tenuifolium
Pittosporum tenuifolium is an evergreen, variable large shrub or small tree of columnar habit, growing up to 30 ft (9 m) high. The shiny, oval, green leaves are 1–1.6 in (2.5–4 cm) long, and have wavy edges. The flowers are very dark purple, sweetly scented; spring. Hardy in the UK.
Pittosporum tenuifolium is commonly found in coastal to lower mountain forests and scrublands throughout the North Island, and to east of the South Island, New Zealand. Its Maori name is kohuhu.
Pittosporum tenuifolium ‘Abbotsbury Gold’
Pittosporum tenuifolium ‘Abbotsbury Gold’ is an evergreen large shrub or small tree of columnar habit, growing up to 30 ft (9 m) high. The oval, shiny, green leaves are 1–1.6 in (2.5–4 cm) long, with a central yellow-green blotch, which is conspicuous on young leaves, fading on older leaves. The flowers are very dark purple, sweetly scented; spring.
Pittosporum tenuifolium ‘Abbotsbury Gold’ is a sport from Pittosporum tenuifolium found in about 1970 at Abbotsbury Gardens, Dorset, UK.
Pittosporum tenuifolium ‘Arundel Green’
Pittosporum tenuifolium ‘Arundel Green’ is a bushy, evergreen shrub, which grows to 5 ft (1.5 m) high. The wavy, green leaves are round in shape, with pale green edges, and midrib. The stems are dark, which makes a nice contrast to the leaves. It has female, dark red, scented flowers in spring, on mature plants.
In the UK Pittosporum tenuifolium cultivars require a sheltered spot on a free draining soil, in sun or part shade.
Pittosporum tenuifolium ‘Gold Star’
Pittosporum tenuifolium ‘Gold Star’ is a compact, upright, bushy evergreen shrub, which grows to 8–10 feet (2.4–3 m) high. The wavy, round, green leaves are up to 1 in (2.5 cm) long, with a white midrib, central greenish-yellow variegation, and dark green edges. The branchlets are red and make a nice contrast to the leaves. It has scented dark maroon male flowers in spring.
Pittosporum tenuifolium ‘Gold Star’ was found and raised by Midland Horticulture of Palmerston North, North Island, New Zealand. It requires a well drained soil in a sunny or partially shaded position.
Pittosporum tenuifolium ‘Irene Paterson’
Pittosporum tenuifolium ‘Irene Paterson’ is an evergreen slow growing large shrub or small tree of columnar habit, growing up to 6.5–10 ft (2–3 m) high. The oval, shiny, oval, green leaves are 1–1.6 in (2.5–4 cm) long, speckled with white. New leaves have the most white. The flowers are very dark purple, sweetly scented; spring.
Pittosporum tenuifolium ‘Irene Paterson’ was discovered by Grahame Paterson at Kennedy’s Bush Reserve in the Port Hills, Christchurch, South Island, New Zealand, and named after his wife.
Pittosporum tenuifolium ‘Limelight’
Pittosporum tenuifolium ‘Limelight’ is an evergreen large shrub or small tree growing to 15–20 ft (4.6–6 m) high. The oval leaves are green with a yellowish-green centre, up to 2.2 in (5.5 cm) long.
Pittosporum tenuifolium ‘Limelight’ is a sport from Pittosporum tenuifolium ‘Variegatum’ that was found in 1975 in George Rainey’s Nursery, Auckland, New Zealand.
Pittosporum tenuifolium ‘Loxhill Gold’
Pittosporum tenuifolium ‘Loxhill Gold’ is a medium-sized, evergreen, bushy shrub, which grows to about 7.5 ft (2 m) high and 6 ft (1.5 m) wide. The spear-shaped leaves have green wavy edges and an irregular yellow centre, darker in winter. The small deep red male flowers in spring.
Pittosporum tenuifolium ‘Loxhill Gold’ is somewhat similar to ‘Tresederi’, but has darker green leaves. It needs a sheltered site in the UK.
Pittosporum tenuifolium ‘Margaret Turnbull’
Pittosporum tenuifolium ‘Margaret Turnbull’ is a compact, evergreen, medium-sized shrub or small tree, growing to 4–6 ft (1.2–1.8 m) high. The glossy, spear-shaped leaves have a deep green margin, the central area is irregularly variegated with lime green and yellow-green, about 1.2 in (3 cm) long. The small deep red flowers in spring.
Pittosporum tenuifolium ‘Margaret Turnbull’ originated in 1974 at Talisman Nurseries, Whenuapai, Auckland, New Zealand. It may be a hybrid or form of Pittosporum colensoi.
Podocarpus ‘Blaze’
Podocarpus ‘Blaze’ is a low, compact, spreading conifer, growing to about 20 in (50 cm). The foliage is dark green in summer, bronze-purple in winter, and has orange new growth in spring. It produces female flowers and needs to be pollinated by a male to produce berries. Hardy in the UK.
Podocarpus ‘Blaze’ was raised in 1986 by Graham Hutchins of County Park Nursery, Hornchurch, Essex, UK. It is a cross between Podocarpus lawrencei from Australia, and Podocarpus nivalis from New Zealand.
Pseudopanax lessonii ‘Gold Splash’
Pseudopanax lessonii ‘Gold Splash’ is a large bushy shrub or small tree, growing up to 20 ft (6 m) high. The yellow splashed leaves are 2–6 in (5–15 cm) long, arranged in threes to fives. The greenish flowers are inconspicuous, arranged like those of ivy; summer.
Pseudopanax lessonii ‘Gold Splash’ was found about 1969 in the garden of Trevor Davies, New Plymouth, North Island, New Zealand, as a sport from the stump of Pseudopanax lessonii. Not fully hardy in the UK, it needs winter protection.
Pseudowintera colorata
Pseudowintera colorata is an evergreen, bushy shrub, which grows up to 7 ft (2 m) tall. The oval, leathery leaves are 0.5–3 in (1.2–7.5 cm) long, above green-yellow, marked and edged with red, beneath they are greyish. The flowers are yellow-green; spring. Fairly hardy in the UK.
Pseudowintera colorata is commonly found in lowland to high mountain forests, in North Island, from Auckland southwards, and throughout South Island and Stewart Island, New Zealand. Also called horopito or pepper tree. Used medicinally by the Maori.
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Ranunculus buchananii
Ranunculus buchananii is a glaucous herb, which grows to 8 in (20 cm). The leaves are kidney shaped in outline, but deeply divided. The flowers are white, 1.6–2.4 in (4–6 cm) in diameter, singly, or up to four flowers per stem.
Ranunculus buchananii is found in high alpine fellfields (areas of rock fragments), near snowfields, south Westland, Fiordland and western Otago, South Island, New Zealand.
Ranunculus crithmifolius
Ranunculus crithmifolius is an herbaceous plant, a buttercup of mountain screes, which grows up to 2–4 in (5–10 cm) high. The deeply lobed, greyish leaves are typically 1.2–2 in (3–5 cm) long, and come from the base of the plant. The bright yellow flowers are 1.2–2 in (3–5 cm) across; spring.
Ranunculus crithmifolius is found in subalpine screes in the drier mountains to the east of the South Island, New Zealand.
Ranunculus insignis
Ranunculus insignis is a herbaceous plant, variable in size, growing up to 35 in (90 cm) high. The round leaves are thick, dark green, large, 4–6 in (10–16 cm) wide. The flowers are yellow, 0.8–2 in (2–5 cm) in diameter.
Ranunculus insignis is found in shady areas of grasslands, herbfields, scrublands and rock outcrops, subalpine to low-alpine regions, of North Island and South Island, New Zealand.
Ranunculus lappaceus
Ranunculus lappaceus is a herbaceous plant, up to 6 in (15 cm) high, with a rosette of evergreen leaves. The leaves have three to five lobes, or deeply divided, are rounded in shape, typically 0.4–0.8 in (1–2 cm) in diameter. The flowers are yellow, with five petals, on a short stem.
Ranunculus lappaceus is found in tussock grassland and in alpine places in North Island, South Island, and Stewart Island, New Zealand. The species is very variable, with several varieties being recognised.
Ranunculus lyallii
Ranunculus lyallii is a large buttercup that can reach 40 in (1 m) or more. The round leaves are deep green, leathery, shiny, with a diameter up to 16 in (40 cm). The white flowers are up to 3 in (8 cm) across; late spring to summer, depending on the altitude.
Ranunculus lyallii is found in shrubby areas, snow tussock herbfields, beside streams, and on cliffs, in high rainfall areas, South Island and Stewart Island, New Zealand. Grazing by deer, and other introduced animals, has limited it, in many places, to growing on cliffs.
Raoulia australis
Raoulia australis forms mats of firm silvery green foliage, up to 40 in (1 m) across. The tiny leaves closely cover the stems, and are densely hairy. Tiny, yellow daisy flowers in summer.
Raoulia australis is found in bare ground, river beds, river terraces and open short tussock grasslands, in lowland to montane, in North Island and South Island, New Zealand. It can be grown in a rock garden, in full sun and well-drained soil.
Raoulia bryoides
Raoulia bryoides forms large, hard, cushion-shaped mounds up to 40 in (1 m) across. The tiny leaves have a covering of hairs. The tiny flower heads are buried amongst the leaves.
Raoulia bryoides is found in alpine to subalpine rocks, in the drier areas of Nelson to Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand.
Raoulia eximia
Raoulia eximia is a shrub that forms tight grey-white mounds up to 24 in (60 cm) high, and 5 ft (1.5 m) across. The tiny leaves are covered in hairs, which trap moisture from night-time fogs. The tiny flowerheads are buried amongst the leaves.
Raoulia eximia is found in high alpine areas to the east of the Southern Alps, South Island, New Zealand. Raoulia eximia is often called vegetable sheep, due to its resemblance to a sheep, from a distance.
Raoulia grandiflora
Raoulia grandiflora forms mats of silver rosette foliage, up to 6 in (15 cm) across. The tiny leaves, 0.2–0.4 in (5–10 mm) long, are densely packed. Small daisy flowers 0.6 in (1.5 cm) in diameter; summer.
Raoulia grandiflora is widespread in stony ground, rocks and grassland in low to high areas of North Island (Mount Hikurangi southwards), and South Island, New Zealand.
Rhopalostylis sapida
Rhopalostylis sapida is a statuesque palm tree, reaching 10–30 ft (3–9 m) high. The trunk is ringed by leaf scars. The feather shaped leaves are up to 10 ft (3 m) long. The flowers are much-branched spikes, lilac to pale pink; summer.
Rhopalostylis sapida is found in lowland forests throughout the North Island, and south to the Banks Peninsula of South Island, and the Chatham Islands, New Zealand. It is commonly called nikau palm, from the Maori.
Rubus australis
Rubus australis is a vigorous and very thorny evergreen climber. The juvenile, oval, toothed leaves are 0.4–1.2 in (1–3 cm) long, and are arranged into three, four or five parts. The adult, oval, toothed leaves are 1.2–2 in (3–5 cm) long, and are also arranged into three, four or five parts. The white flowers are in branched groups, spring; followed by small orange yellow berries.
Rubus australis is found throughout the forests of New Zealand, especially in swampy sites. It is called swamp lawyer.
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Scleranthus uniflorus
Scleranthus uniflorus forms a dense, mossy hummock 4 in (10 cm) or more across. The yellow to orange leaves are minute and overlap the stem. The flowers are minute and have 4 sepals.
Scleranthus uniflorus is found at sea level to subalpine and montane, in grassland and shrubland, also on sand, rocks or dry riverbeds, South Island, New Zealand. Its name means hard flowers.
Scutellaria novae-zelandiae
Scutellaria novae-zelandiae is a low-growing shrub, with erect branches, up to 12 in (30 cm) high. The small, dark green, oval leaves are typically 0.16–0.2 in (4–5 mm) long and 0.08–0.16 in (2–4 mm) across. The softly hairy white flowers are up to 0.2 in (5 mm) across; summer.
Scutellaria novae-zelandiae is a rare plant of lowland forest in Nelson and Marlborough, South Island, New Zealand. It is one of two members of the mint family native to New Zealand.
Selliera radicans
Selliera radicans is a small, creeping herbaceous plant. The glossy, fleshy leaves are up to 1.6 in (4 cm) and are narrow spoon-shaped. The white flowers are one-sided.
Selliera radicans is found in coastal areas, streamsides and lakesides, sea level to 3,280 ft (1,000 m), North Island, South Island and Stewart Island, New Zealand.
Senecio bidwillii – see Brachyglottis bidwillii
Senecio cassinioides – see Brachyglottis cassinioides
Senecio elaeagnifolius – see Brachyglottis elaeagnifolia
Senecio ‘Moira Read’ – see Brachyglottis ‘Moira Read’
Senecio monroi – see Brachyglottis monroi
Senecio rotundifolius – see Brachyglottis rotundifolia
Sophora microphylla
Sophora microphylla (syn Sophora molloyi) is an evergreen tree, which grows to 20–30 ft (6–9 m) tall. The leaves are 3–6 in (7.5–15 cm) long, divided into 20 to 40 smaller leaves (leaflets); these are smaller than those of Sophora tetraptera. The yellow flowers are up to long 1.8 in (4.5 cm), in groups of 4 to 10; spring.
Sophora microphylla is found in forests, river edges and open ground in lowland and low mountain areas all over North Island, South Island and the Chatham Islands, New Zealand. Brought to the UK in 1772.
Sophora microphylla ‘Dragon’s Gold’
Sophora microphylla ‘Dragon’s Gold’ (syn Sophora molloyi ‘Dragon’s Gold’) as usually grown is a bushy, prostrate mound, but in time it can become large, 20 ft (6 m) high. The leaves are arranged to give a fern-like effect. Yellow flowers, spring.
The original plant of Sophora microphylla ‘Dragon’s Gold’ was brought as seed in the 1950s from Stephens Island, Cook Strait, New Zealand, by Dick Veitch. Cuttings were given to Terry Hatch of Joy Plants in 1978, Pukehohe, near Auckland, who propagated them. It is fairly hardy in the UK.
Sophora prostrata
Sophora prostrata is a medium sized shrub reaching 6 ft (1.8 m) or more, which can also be prostrate in habit. The stiff branches zigzag to give a tightly interlaced bush. The leaves are typical for the pea family, with 2–8 pairs of tiny leaflets. The flowers are yellow to orange and up to 1 in (2.5 cm) long.
Sophora prostrata is found in scrub in lowland and mountain areas, from Marlborough to south Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand. It is fairly hardy in the UK.
Sophora prostrata ‘Little Baby’
Sophora prostrata ‘Little Baby’ is a small, evergreen shrub with much-branched, zigzagging stems; it grows to about 5 ft (1.5 m) high. The leaves consist of many tiny leaflets. The flowers are yellow; spring.
SIt is a small form of Sophora prostrata, which is fairly hardy in the UK, where it needs protection from medium or heavy frosts.
Sophora tetraptera
Sophora tetraptera is small to medium tree, growing to 15–39 ft (4.6–12 m). The much-divided (pinnate) green leaves are 3–6.3 in (7.5–16 cm) long. The yellow flowers are up to 2.2 in (5.7 cm) long; spring to summer.
Sophora tetraptera is found in forest edges in North Island, New Zealand. It is commonly called kowhai, its Maori name. In the UK it is best grown against a south-facing wall. This tree was introduced to the UK in 1772.
Stipa arundinacea
Stipa arundinacea (syn Anemanthele lessoniana) is a grass that forms medium size mounds of yellowish to golden-brown arching leaves, growing to 30 in (80 cm) high. The flower stems can reach about 12–60 in (30–150 cm); the flowers form a drooping panicle.
Stipa arundinacea is found in open bush to the east of North Island and South Island, New Zealand. An open site is needed to give the best colour, as in shade it becomes green.
Swainsona novae-zelandiae
Swainsona novae-zelandiae is small, rare, alpine member of the pea family, 2–4 in (5–10 cm) high. It is inconspicuous as the grey foliage closely matches the surrounding rocks. The leaves have 6–10 pairs of small oval leaflets. The flowers are a pale pink-purple.
Swainsona novae-zelandiae is found in drier subalpine to low-alpine areas of the South Island of New Zealand, from Marlborough to north Otago.
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Tmesipteris elongata
Tmesipteris elongata is a fern ally that typically grows as an epiphyte (perched on another plant, which is usually a tree fern). The aerial stems are pendulous, with leaves spirally arranged. The spore containing capsules are found on the stems.
Tmesipteris elongata is a primitive plant with a longer fossil history than a fern. It is found in lowland to montane forests, in North, South and Stewart Island, and the Chatham Islands, New Zealand.
Trichomanes reniforme
Trichomanes reniforme, kidney fern, forms large mats in the forests of North, South, Stewart and the Chatham Islands, New Zealand. The fronds are a distinctive kidney shape, 1.2–4 × 1.6–5 in (3–10 × 4–13 cm) and curl up in dry weather, recovering after rain.
Trichomanes reniforme will tolerate a wide range of growing conditions, from damp forest to exposed lava fields.
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Uncinia rubra
Uncinia rubra is a hooked sedge that forms dense mounds of red, or reddish-brown, arching leaves, growing to 8–12 in (20–30 cm) high. The flower stems can reach about 14 in (35 cm); the flowers form a simple spike, with male flowers on top and female flowers below.
Uncinia rubra is found in grasslands, open scrubland and bogs in North Island (mainly in the Central Volcanic Plateau), South Island (to the east of the Main Divide) and Stewart Island, New Zealand.
Uncinia uncinata
Uncinia uncinata is a hooked sedge, which forms dense mounds of orange-red, or green, arching leaves about 20 in (50 cm) high. The leaves are 8–16 in (20–40 cm) long and 0.16–0.3 in (4–7 mm) wide. The flower stems can reach about 24 in (60 cm), the flowers form a simple spike, with male flowers on top and female flowers below.
Uncinia uncinata grows mainly in forests (especially coastal forests), but also in scrub. It is found in North, South and Stewart Island, and the Chatham Islands, New Zealand. In the UK plant in full sun in well-drained soil.
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Viola cunninghamii
Viola cunninghamii is a small tufted herbaceous plant, reaching 4–8 in (10–20 cm) high. The leaves are triangular to oval, 0.4–1.2 × 0.4–1 in (1–3 × 1–2.5 cm). The flowers are white, greenish or yellowish at the throat, with a number of purple lines on the petals, 0.4–1 in (1–2.5 cm) across.
Viola cunninghamii is found in North, South and Stewart Island, and the Chatham Islands, New Zealand, in moist or shady sites in river valleys. In the UK grow it in a scree or an alpine house.
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Wahlenbergia albomarginata
Wahlenbergia albomarginata is a small herbaceous perennial that can grow to form large patches. The oval leaves grow in rosettes and have a white margin. Their size depends on the habitat, smaller in drier habitats, 0.2–1.6 × 0.04–0.4 in (0.5–15 cm × 1–10 mm). The flower colour is from white to pale blue, often with deeper coloured veins.
Wahlenbergia albomarginata is found in South and Stewart Islands, New Zealand, in open tussock grassland and streamsides in lowland to low alpine areas.
Wahlenbergia cartilaginea
Wahlenbergia cartilaginea has small rosettes of thick, grey to purple leaves, 0.2–0.8 × 0.2–0.6 in (6–20 × 5–15 mm). The flowers are white to light blue, diameter 0.4 in (1 cm); here shown in bud.
Wahlenbergia cartilaginea is found in the South Island of New Zealand, in the drier mountains of Marlborough and Nelson, low to high alpine areas, usually on screes.
Wahlenbergia pygmea
Wahlenbergia pygmea is a herbaceous perennial, small but very similar in appearance to Wahlenbergia albomarginata. The small leaves are shallowly toothed, 0.6 in (1.5 cm) long. The flowers are pale blue, with a white throat.
Wahlenbergia pygmea is found in subalpine to low-alpine scrub, grassland and tussock-herbfields in North Island and South Island, New Zealand.
Weinmannia racemosa
Weinmannia racemosa is medium to large evergreen tree, which grows to 50–80 ft (15–24 m). The mature leaves are oval and leathery, 0.4–1.6 in (1–4 cm) long, with toothed edges. The white flowers in racemes up to 4 in (11 cm) long; summer.
Weinmannia racemosa is commonly found in the forests of North Island, South Island, and Stewart Island, New Zealand. The genus Weinmannia occurs mainly in tropical areas, with two species in New Zealand. It is only moderately hardy in the UK, and requires a sheltered position in a mild area.
